Friday, May 31, 2019

F. Scott Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby :: essays research papers

Money and The Great Gatsby     "Her voice is full of money Pg. 127)," is a major impart sentence to the story. This sentence, which comes from the character by the name of Jay Gatsby. F. Scott Fitzgerald relates this story to many, stating that money can buy anything, including the love of a woman. This feeling that Gatsby has acquired baffles Nick Carraway. Through protrude the story, the truth comes out of why Daisy becomes part of Gatsby, which is because she wants him just for his riches.     In the Novel The Great Gatsby, the book strongly relates to "The American Dream." In Gatsbys case, the dream is that through acquiring wealth and power, once can also gain happiness. To reach his idea of what happiness is, Gatsby must go back in time to relive an old dream. To do this, he believes he must first have wealth and power. Jay Gatsby is a man who does not wish to live life in the present because it offers him nothing. He sp ends a majority of his life trying to recapture his past, in which he eventually dies in pursuit of it. The reason he wishes to relieve the past is because he had a love affair with the rich Daisy Buchanan, who he had, fell deeply in love with. However, he knew they could never get married due to their release in economic and social statuses. He wants to marry her, but because of this problem he leaves her in order to gain wealth and social status in order to reach her standards. Once he reaches this goal, he buys a house close to her in which he tries to "impress her." Jay thinks money will take bursting charge of everything, in which he realizes it doesnt make life out like it ought to be. Gatsby refuses to give this up until he reaches fulfillment of his American Dream. The sad thing is that he never does, and ends up dying.      The question of money and sociabilitys authority over life is a big factor in many bulks lives. Many people in todays wor ld try to buy love with money. That is not really a "true love." both(prenominal) of the people in the relationship should love each other for WHO they are, not what they are or have. Some people do not understand this concept. That is why separations, divorces, etc.

Thursday, May 30, 2019

Essay on Symbols and Symbolism in Toni Morrisons Beloved :: Toni Morrison Beloved Essays

Symbolism in Beloved Toni Morrison enhances the effectiveness of Beloved with symbolism. This symbolism has a myriad of origins as well as forms. Number symbols come from astrological sources, while characters names are allusions from ancient Egyptian mythology, the Bible, and African culture. Furthermore, important food colouring symbols are discernible throughout the novel. From the very beginning of Beloved, the number 124 is distinguishable. In fact, it appears as the first character of each book of the novel. As the address of the theatre where most of the plot takes place, this number is extremely important. According to astrology, the numbers 1, 3, 7, and 22 are ascribed with magical powers (Samuels 135). These magical powers are said to be symbols of completion and creation. 124 fits this astrological delineation because the sum of the three digits in the number add up to the aforementioned 7. In addition, a significant association among characters in the novel is in the form of three people -- Sethe, Beloved, and Denver. Secondly, the name of the protagonist of the novel, Sethe, is associated with one of the major gods of ancient Egypt and the Biblical Seth, who was the child of Adam and Eve (Samuels 136). This Egyptian god was serving man and part animal or bird, which explains the animal imagery surrounding Sethe in the novel. For example, when explaining her secret about Beloved to Paul D., Sethe is described as if she is a circling falcon or bird. Morrison writes, She just flew...and the hummingbird wings beat on (163). The name Sethe is alike unique as a name for a female knuckle down because it is derived from the names of Egyptian and Biblical males. Morrison uses the name to add to the masculinity of Sethes character. Sethes ability to overcome overwhelming tragedies and challenges such as her escape from slavery in Kentucky and the shoot of her child identifies her with this quality. Additionally, the name Sixo symbolizes the dehu manization of slaves during the late 19th century. His name, derived from the number 6, implies that white masters didnt consider their slaves with enough respect to recognize them with more than a number. This renaming also symbolizes the power the slaveowners felt by stripping slaves of their individuality. The distinction of color in slavery adds to the color symbolism which pervades Beloved.

Wednesday, May 29, 2019

The Pardoner’s Tale of Chaucers Canterbury Tales :: Pardoners Tale

The Canterbury storeys - The Pardoners Tale One might assume that the person telling the story has a lot to do with the story theyre telling. This is the case in the Geoffrey Chaucers The Canterbury Tales. In the tale of The Pardoners, the voice tells a tale dealing with his famous preach Radix malorum est Cupiditas. In English, The root of in all evil is Greed. An ironic distinction can be made with what a Pardoner is known to be, the character (the voice/Pardoner), and the tale that he tells. Through the Prologue of the Pardoners Tale one can say that he lives up to his name. As the Webster dictionary states, a medieval ecclesiastic authorized to raise money for religious whole kit and boodle by granting papal indulgences to contributors. Pardoners were known to be granters of the church. Which in reality, they would keep all of the money given to them by generous people. They were generally associated with being untrustworthy and sneaky. In reality they did have a gift for preac hing, but they didnt exactly follow what they preach. In the Prologue the Pardoner visualizes his true self. Chaucer, describes him as bad as he dislikes him. Portraying him with having long, greasy, yellow hair, and also beardless (The Pardoners Tale.) The Pardoner revealing in the Prologue, that the only thing he cares about is money. I preach vigour except for gain (Pardoners Tale.) Aside from being extremely greedy, he is also a hypocrite. He preaches the one thing that hes most(prenominal) guilty for. Avarice is the most of all evil (The Pardoners Tale.) The greed and hypocrisy is also shown in the tale that he tells. end-to-end the tale itself, the greed and hypocrisy that the Pardoner has, is also shown. In the tale, three friends begin a Journey in order to kill death. During their journey, they meet an obsolescent man that tells them where they can find a treasure. He also warns them that in no way is it good treasure. At this point in the tale, the three friends show their greed, and later their hypocrisy, by planning to kill the other to keep the treasure. Eventually, that greed and hypocrisy leads to their downfall.

Linux Versus Windows NT :: essays research papers

Linux versus Windows NTForget the browser wars. This years big nerd battle is the server shootout between Linux and Windows NT - and its not just a ring of geeks nit-picking. While both offer more affordable platforms for Web service than in the past, Linux and NT are polar opposites on almost every other level. They tonicity different, run differently, support different software, and cost money in different places. So far though, most press coverage of the Linux-NT debate has focused on the competing business models, and theres been little helpful information for deciding which OS to use. At the other end of the coverage spectrum, technical comparisons usually stick to performance tests, turbulent out reams of numbers from the lab and missing the big picture of owning and operating a Web site. The most obvious difference between NT and Linux is that NT attempts to bring the beaten(prenominal) Windows graphical user interface to a server environment. Ideally, a Webmaster could m aintain NT (and its bundled Web server, Microsoft Internet Information Server, aka IIS) primarily by pointing and clicking. NT also comes bundled with a mirthful set of Microsoft site take aimment tools.      Linux, on the other hand, builds from the long, varied tradition of Unix command-line culture. It can be harder (or at least more daunting) to hire Unix from scratch than it is to learn a Windows system, but Unix users who get over the hump of the initial learning curve rarely express happiness over trying to do the identical work in a Windows environment. Thats the "Windows rage" you observe whenever your local sysadmin (System Administrator) has to get up from his Linux workstation to fix your PC. If theres one area where NT stands out over Linux, its the willingness of third-party software vendors to develop versions of their software for it. Ad-serving software, search engines, databases, application servers, and e-commerce shopping carts are almost certain to come in NT versions, whereas big-name vendors such as Oracle, Sun, and IBM have just begun to commit to Linux.     A Windows NT license costs about $300. A Linux license costs nothing. Not much overhead, but the real costs come later lost income from downtime or unfixed bugs, high prices for technical employees who make things go, and extra machines and software as the site grows. Theres a notable lack of consensus as to whether Linux or NT delivers a bring down total cost of ownership.

Tuesday, May 28, 2019

Ministers Black Veil Essays: The Minister’s Black Veil and its Author :: Ministers Black Veil Essays

The Ministers Black Veil and its Author Evaluated By Contemporaries Initially, of course, Nathaniel Hawthornes short stories went unranked among those of other American and British writers. But his reputation, along with the touristyity of his works, grew gradually even among contemporary critics, until he was recognized as a man of magnificence. Edgar Allen Poe, in a review of Hawthornes work, said in Godeys Ladys Book, November, 1847, no. 35, pp. 252-6 It was never the fashion (until lately) to speak of him in any summary of our best authors. . . . The peculiarity or sameness, or monotone of Hawthorne, would, in its mere character of peculiarity, and without reference to what is the peculiarity, suffice to deprive him of all chance of popular appreciation. But at his failure to be appreciated, we can, of course, no longer wonder, when we lift him monotonous at decidedly the worst of all possible points--at that point which, having the least concern with Nature, is the farthe st removed from the popular intellect, from the popular sentiment and from the popular taste. I allude to the strain of metaphor which completely overwhelms the greater number of his subjects. So literary critic Edgar Allan Poe thinks that Hawthornes heavy reliance on allegory is the cause of his lack of popularity during the 1830s and 40s. In 1848 James Russell Lowell wrote a piece of poetry entitled Hawthorne for the periodical A Fable for Critics There is Hawthorne, with genius so shrinking and rare That you hardly at first see the strength that is there A frame so robust, with a nature so sweet, So earnest, so graceful, so lithe and so fleet, Is worth a descent from Olympus to meet Tis as if a rough oak that for ages had stood, With his gnarled careworn branches like ribs of the wood, Should bloom, after cycles of struggle and scathe, With a single anemone trembly and rathe His strength is so tender, his wildness so meek. . . . The author considers that now, afte r cycles of struggle and scathe, Hawthorne is finally emerging into recognition for his work. In 1850 Herman Melville wrote Hawthorne and His Mosses for The Literary World, August 17 and 24 editions, in which he humbly acknowledges the genius of Nathaniel Hawthorne

Ministers Black Veil Essays: The Minister’s Black Veil and its Author :: Ministers Black Veil Essays

The Ministers Black Veil and its Author Evaluated By Contemporaries Initially, of course, Nathaniel Hawthornes short stories went unranked among those of other American and British writers. But his reputation, along with the popularity of his works, grew gradually even among contemporary critics, until he was recognized as a man of genius. Edgar Allen Poe, in a review of Hawthornes work, tell in Godeys Ladys Book, November, 1847, no. 35, pp. 252-6 It was never the fashion (until lately) to speak of him in any summary of our best authors. . . . The peculiarity or sameness, or monotone of Hawthorne, would, in its holy character of peculiarity, and without reference to what is the peculiarity, suffice to deprive him of all chance of popular appreciation. But at his failure to be appreciated, we can, of course, no longer wonder, when we find him monotone at decidedly the worst of all possible points--at that point which, having the least concern with Nature, is the farthest remove d from the popular intellect, from the popular sentiment and from the popular taste. I allude to the strain of allegory which completely overwhelms the greater number of his subjects. So literary critic Edgar Allan Poe thinks that Hawthornes heavy reliance on allegory is the campaign of his lack of popularity during the 1830s and 40s. In 1848 James Russell Lowell wrote a piece of poetry entitled Hawthorne for the periodical A Fable for Critics There is Hawthorne, with genius so shrinking and rare That you hardly at first see the strength that is there A frame so robust, with a nature so sweet, So earnest, so graceful, so lithe and so fleet, Is worth a descent from Olympus to meet Tis as if a rough oak that for ages had stood, With his gnarled bony branches comparable ribs of the wood, Should bloom, after cycles of struggle and scathe, With a single anemone trembly and rathe His strength is so tender, his wildness so meek. . . . The author considers that now, after cy cles of struggle and scathe, Hawthorne is finally emerging into apprehension for his work. In 1850 Herman Melville wrote Hawthorne and His Mosses for The Literary World, August 17 and 24 editions, in which he humbly acknowledges the genius of Nathaniel Hawthorne

Monday, May 27, 2019

Analysis of “Raise the Red Lantern” Essay

Yi-Mou Zhangs Raise the Red Lantern, is a beautiful and brilliantly made film in its own right. If, however, the team of Orson Welles and Greg Toland had produced the equal film it would take on an entirely different look and feel. The film would reflect Wells love for creating physical representations of thematic metaphors and the long take and Tolands brilliant affair of deep space photography and mobile framing.Under the direction of the Wells-Toland team, the film would take on subtle, yet significant differences from the very beginning. In the opening scene, with Songolian and her stepmother, the focus of the camera would still be a medium close up of Songolian but, the previously unseen mother would now be seen in the extreme background and edges of the frame. Using deep focus and choreographing her headings the mothers character would still remain manifestationless, but would seem more tangible and the smell of distance amidst the mother and her stepdaughter could be re- enforced.The next major difference would be seen in the sequences involving Songolians entrance into the reside itself. In Zhangs real version, Songolian enters the frame with the history on the back wall shown briefly. The W-T revision would begin the entrance sequence with a medium close up of the inscription itself, late panning from left to right, save slowly enough to recognize the characters but fast enough to not allow the audience to actually read the inscription. The significance of the inscription on the wall has been explained as being not in the inscription, but in the characters themselves in the oldest Chinese societies the written characters were induced with arbitrary inwardness assigned to them, plainly scholars and the aristocracy had the time and means to learn the meanings of the thousands of different characters used. The characters on the wall are alluding to a society which was dominated by male figures who arbitrarily created meaning and tradition.Zh ang filmed the move manpowert done the house in a series of shots usually cutting from the entrance into a archway or gate, to the exit on the other side from the same. This style creates a feeling of disorientation and the layout of the house is never really established for the audience. The W-Tduo would probably have filmed the various(a) movements through the ground levels of the house in a series of long-takes with tracking shots. The shots, starting from approximately detonatortop level, would then track forward and down to follow the movement of a character through the complex, rising up and crawling over arches and entrance ways and then dropping down again. Instead of placing an emphasis on the feeling of the palaces physical discontinuity created by Zhangs shots, this change would emphasize the magnitude of the structure itself, reenforcing the feeling of a well established and certain tradition and the insignificance of one small woman.The other type of movement follo wed in the story is the movement above roof level. The W-T team would handle this in a much different fashion than Zhang. The movement above roof level represents freedom of various kinds and ultimately, escape. Welles would destiny the camera movement in the roof scenes to reflect this, consequently, the movement of a character on the roof would be filmed in a continuous take. The shot would probably be a tracking shot that changed angle and distance continuously, possibly even violating the 180 degree rule, in order to give the camera a bird standardized point of view. The other type of shot used above the roof level would be the fixed frame shots involving two or more characters at a distance Toland would again use this opportunity to utilize his mastery of deep focus, keeping both of the characters in focus while displaying the distance among the two.In the next scene Songolian, enters her house for the first time. Zhang used a long shot to show her standing in the middle of the room, surveying her naked accommodations. The W-T team would have used a longer shot, possibly even an extremely long shot in this instance. As the lanterns are being lit, the substitution chandelier above the bed would probably be shot from a birds eye perspective as it was being lowe going and then a floor shot as it was being raised. The change in distance would make Songolian seem even smaller in the huge room, a tiny woman surrounded buy countless, huge red lanterns signifying the family traditions.When the husband is finally introduced into the film, the W-T team wouldshoot the husband as a faceless character, just as Zhang had done. The technical difference, however would be that W-T, would use a shot/reverse-shot sequence with the husband in order to better display the distance between himself and Songolian. This would be a perfect opportunity for Tolands mastery of the use of deep space. Shooting close to the husband from below shoulder level toward Songolian would cr eate a better physical metaphor for the emotional distance between the two.Frequently in the film there are shots of the inner court-areas of the houses of various wives, shown with the red lanterns burning against the darkness of the night. Zhang, in his version, shoots these from a high angle and the camera is fixed in the inner courtyard. W-T would shoot this as a tracking shot, move from a high angle shot of at least one of the dark inner courts and then pulling back to pan across the change compound, then moving to another high angle shot of the court with the lit lanterns. There are frequently points in the story where the husband leaves the house during the night to go to another house. The W-T team would shoot this from a high angle shot of the lit inner-court as the lanterns are extinguished and then use a tracking shot to crawl along the compound to the house where the lanterns being lit, then the camera would pan back in the direction it had occur to reveal the dark co mpound.The dine room is a central point in Zhangs version of the film and would also be pivotal in the W-T version. Songolian is shown the dining room when she is given her tour of the house. The W-T version of this scene would closely resemble the Zhang version with one key difference. The W-T camera would raise to the faces of the portraits of the ancestors, move to a close up and then pan around the room giving us a shot representative of Songolians perspective. In the first dining scene the establishing shot would be the same shot that was originally used. The long shot that was used to establish the parameters of the room and provide a subtle steer of the thematic implication of the scene would take on new meaning under the direction of the Wells-Toland team. The Spartan room, surrounded on three sides by portraits of past tense patriarchs of the family was visible in the establishing shot, but the presence of the family men is only alluded towith Tolands use of deep focus th e portraits of the patriarchs could be brought into clear perspective, bringing the idea of the becharm of the ancestors more securely into the scene.As the scene progresses Zhangs original sequence of shot, reverse-shot wold still be used, and the cameras height would remain above the tabularise level the important difference between the Zhangs shots and the W-T shots would be the cameras angle. W-T would lower the camera slightly and drastically increase the angle in order to include the faces of the long deceased patriarchs in the same frames with the wives in the close-ups and medium close-ups. This change, in conjunction with deep focus, would alter the thematic implications of these scenes by introducing the faces of these anonymous men directly into the world of the wives, they would be literally, looking over their shoulders.The most significant change in the film would come during the scene when Meishan is hung. Wells would want to convey Songolians feeling of fear and c onfusion and Toland would accomplish this by using a long take beginning when Songolian first sees the lanterns coming through the archway. The camera would then shift to a P.O.V. shot representing Songolian following the men up to the rooftop. Reaching the rooftop level the camera would rush forward to reveal a medium long shot of the men taking Meishan into the room, then turn on its axis and rush back toward Songolian to display the revelation on her face and her fear. Finally, the camera would circle behind Songolian in a very long reverse shot and Tolands masterful deep focus would display the men leaving the room upon completion of the act.

Sunday, May 26, 2019

One Direction boy-band Essay

One Direction is a boy-band formed by Zayn Malik, Liam Payne, Louis Tomlinson, Harry Styles and Niall Horan, the band was formed in a contest called The X Factor.BodyThe X Factor UK is a British competition in which several people in order to fulfill his pipe dream of being a singer going to participate. So as determined to win Niall Horan, Harry Styles, Louis Tomlinson, Liam Payne and Zayn Malik entered the contest individually, then his mentor Simon Cowell saw something special in the boys and heady to join them and he was not wrong. Although they were in 3rd place, today is the most famous boy-band in the world After they finish the contest they decided to record their first album and with the help of the money he won in the contest and with his mentor Simons track recordography called Sony and Syco could finish their first album called Up All Night which was released on November 18, 2011 in Ireland and in the UK on 21 November with a beautiful content of 13 songs and disc Spec ial Edition has 3 more songs.Up All Night won the first place in sales in United Kingdom, in EUA the 1st place on the Billboard, which is a form of measuring success, and was the third album most sold in 2011. That same year they released a song that comes on the album, called What Makes You Beautiful presently the most famous song, which was in 4th place from Billboard. Last year they released their second album called Take Me Home 9 and 13 November depending on the country, the disc includes 13 songs, the disc Special Edition 4 more songs and the Deluxe 13 songs more Special Edition 4 more other 3 songs. In Mexico reached first place in sales in one week. The Take Me Home tour began on February 23 in London, and continues around the world, reached Mexico on 8 and 9 June, until complete.ConclusionTo Me One Direction is the boy-band more talented and gambling that exists, since boys are normal people and make mistakes alike us, have fun like us, have flaws like us and make all t he same to us (they are human but believe it or not). And although not like many to me if I like, because as says Cher Loyd (singer) guys hate to One Direction because sing what a girl wants to hearand what a boy fears say.

Saturday, May 25, 2019

Comparison of Topload vs Frontload Washing Machines

bowel movement Load * Because of the faster spin speeds, it exit extract to a greater extent irrigate from the attire allowing them to go into the alterer with less water. You leave dry clothes faster while using less vigour * The clothes tumble much like in a dryer, and because of this, the cleanseing railroad car does non use as much water. You get out use up to 40% less water than a comparable moderate load utensil. Over judgment of conviction this depart offset the initial difference in price mingled with calculate load and top load weapons * Better Cleaning. Because of the tumble action, water will pass through the clothes considerably more than oft than top load machines.Clothes will come out cleaner, and will last longer as there is less wear and tear on them * Can be stacked with a dryer on top to conserve space go past LOADERS * there argon a wider variety of models and colors * Costs less initially, but is less energy efficient * Easy to access the wa sh bathing tub * Uses regular purifying Features Capacity well-nigh manufacturers will define the size of the washtub differently. Common terms are extra large or super capacity. When comparing capacity it is outgo to use the cubic foot measurement to determine the actual size.Tub material The three most comm besides used tub materials used are porcelain-coated, plastic, and unstained steel. Porcelain send word deteriorate if it chips. Many of the higher-end models will use a plastic tub, which generally lasts the life of the machine. The very best models will use a unmutilated steel tub. Water levels cleanseing machines prevail water level settings. Many of the higher end models will post many more levels to control the count of water in a machine. A washer using the ideal level of water will be more efficient. Manufacturers recommend using only enough water to savvy the clothes.Cycles There are many motorbikes available on a rinse machine. Choose a machine that wi ll offer all the cycles you will need. Choose from cycles such as permanent press, sanitize, delicate, and extra rinses. Make sure to get a unit with all the cycles your clothes will need. Different wash/spin speed combinations allow you to wash more types of clothing in ways that are safest for the fabric. Water temperature Your garments will look go against and last longer by using proper water temperature. Detergents, bleaches, and fabric softeners require specific water temperatures to work their best.Many of your selects of washers will include several wash and rinse temperature options. A wash drawing machine with automatic temperature regulators will make sure that the water entering the machine will be the proper temperature. For example, on a frigid day in Chicago, the water entering a standard washer set to warm whitethorn not get the temperature desired. Temperature regulators will add more hot water as needed to make sure the desired temperature is met. To kill tea r down the bullyest germs, a machine will be required to imbibe at an even higher temperature. Look for a washer that offers a temperature boost or sanitize cycle.Noise level Is your washer loss to be in your basement or in the garage? If so, you may not be concerned with noise level. If your washer is near a animate area you may want a unit that has more insulation and reinforced frames to reduce operation noise. Safety While its possible to stop a campaign- freight rate machine and add that missing sock, it does let an automatic lock gambol on the unit that will prevent the door from opening while the ram is spinning. Controls Digital controls and displays will allow you to program different cycle settings. Just program your favorite settings and access them with the push of one button.For an easier wash process, choose a machine with a dial or push buttons. Bleach and fabric softener dispensers The chemicals (detergent, bleach, fabric softener) you use are a key part of g arment care. Dispensers will automatically disperse them at the correct time. Energy Star rating The Energy Star label conferred by the U. S. Department of Energy and the Environmental apology Agency indicates that a rinse machine uses 35 percent to 50 percent less water and 50 percent less energy than a non-labeled machine. That makes the machine split up for the environment and take overs you cashThere are many differences between a scarer burden and top despatch washing machine. Most people still moderate the traditional top loading machine. They are less expensive than apparent movement loading machines, though in the end, top dockworkers may cost you more money in energy and water costs. There are trade offs with each type of washing machine, and plenty of things to consider if youre planning on purchasing a new machine. A top loading washing machine is most familiar to people, though they may shed seen front loading machines in laundromats or increasingly in app liance stores.These machines use an agitator which spins the soapy clothes to help get out dirt. The washer drains, adds more water to rinse and then spins the clothes to wring out excess water. Clothes are placed into the spinning basket via the top of the machine, and you apprise open the machine at any time to add roughlything else. A front loading washing machine uses less energy and does not have an agitator. A front loading machine is a gentler method, because it uses gravity to spin the clothes, which helps save energy and may extend life of clothing.These machines use less water and detergent, which may be a great savings on water costs, and they lowlife usually be filled with more clothes. You cannot open these machines while they are running, so your days of adding a forgotten sock to a batch being washed are over if you choose a front loading washing machine. Front loaders vary in size but many can take up less space than top loaders. Its often possible to stack a drye r on top of a front loading machine, but you will usually only find this feature in top loaders that are very small and wont accommodate large batches.A front loader may be a better choice if you need to save on space but still want a fairly skinny sized washing machine There is nevertheless some vantage to the top loading washing machine if you have back, knee or neck problems. It can be awkward to influence d bear to load and unload clothes, but usually no more so than using front loading dryers. If you have to do lots of laundry, you may prefer a front loader to avoid frequent bending to get clothes in and out of a machine. You do give up greater efficiency, savings in energy and water costs, use of less water, and potentially longer life of clothing when you use a top loading washing machine.However you also may benefit in the short run because they are significantly less expensive. For people who can afford the front loader and who dont have issues with the way clothes are lo aded, this may be your best bet. In some states and countries you may even qualify for an energy rebate if you purchase a front loading machine. The main difference between a top loading and front loading washing machine is how the clothes are placed internal. A top loading washing machine has a hinged lid on top, allowing the clothes to be placed inside a horizontally-oriented watertight tub.In the center of this tub is a device called an agitator. The agitators vocation is to swirl the clothes through the soapy water. A front loading washing machine has no central agitator, but uses gravity and side-mounted paddles to agitate clothes. Once the front door is closed, it remains locked mechanically until the washing cycle is complete. One favor of a front loading washing machine is an increased capacity. Since there is no central agitator, the horizontally-oriented exhaust can hold at least 20 to 30% more clothing per load.For a large family, this could mean running only three lo ads in a front loading washing machine compared to five in a top loader. Fewer loads often translates to savings in utility bills and water usage. A front loading washing machine is also gentler on clothes and generally quieter to operate. Instead of a centralized agitator literally grabbing clothes and thrashing them, the blades of a front loading washing machine gently pick up the clothes and allow them to drop into the soapy water. The soil is still removed by an stimulate action, but gravity does most of the work.Gentler agitation can extend the lifespan of clothes significantly. As top loading washing machines age, they tend to become noisier and more likely to become unbalanced. A front loading washing machine rarely becomes unbalanced from the weight of difficult items. Another advantage of a front loading washing machine is less water and detergent usage. A top loading washer must use enough water to cover the highest level of the clothes. A front loading washing machine, on the other hand, only uses enough water to cover approximately the pass up third of the tub at most. The clothes are drawn through the water, not the water through the clothes.Detergents designinged for front loading washing machines use a lower sudsing formula, and are meant to release different cleansing agents at different water temperatures. In fact, a front loading washing machine often contains its own heating element to keep the water at an ideal temperature for washing. Many consumers also find that a front loading washing machine removes more water during the final spin cycle. This often translates into shorter drying times, which equals savings on electricity. In addition, a front loading washing machine can work in conjunction with a stackable dryer to save space in the laundry room.A standard top loading washing machine cannot be stacked with a standard electric dryer. Manufacturers attempts at a stacked top loading combination often limit the washer lids range of mo tion. No such design problem exists with a front loading washing machine. Front Loader (Main Advantages) 1. Wash theatrical role you can get a better wash quality than any top loaders (however, not as good asGod-made washing machines our hands). 2. Water/Detergent consumption you can do a cycle of washing with comparatively less water and detergent compared to top loaders.Though you have invested a lot of money on a front loader, you can afford to save some on water and detergents. 3. Longevity front loaders are expected to last longer than top loaders (up to 15 to 20 years of use). Ideal for consumers who weigh old is gold and are not interested in exchange offers and/or keeping themselves updated with latest technology. Front Loader (Main Disadvantages) 1. Price front loaders are far expensive than top loaders. The lower-end version/model in a front loader is much more expensive than the higher-end version/model in a top loader. 2.Complex mechanism front loaders run withou t a problem as long as they run, but once they land in some problem, it is forever. Never you can expect the same performance after repair that you found when you bought it. Also, bending exhaust to load a front loader washing machine is considered inconvenient. 3. Repair cost/service the cost involved in repairing front loaders or getting on-time repair service is a realchallenge. You baron have to wait as long as 20 days to 3 months to get a fault repaired and then shed a good amount of money for that repair. Top Loader (Main Advantages) 1.User friendly top loaders boast the comfort and convenience of any common user (non-technical housewives) who can operate the machine without any complications . Another most noted advantage across the world, especially in America and Australia, is the convenience to stand and load the machine without having to bend set ashore as in front loaders. 2. Power consumption power consumed by a top loader is comparatively less than a front loader , fundamentally because of the time consumed in washing. A cycle of wash lasts for 30 to 45 minutes in a top loader while the same cycle of wash in a front loader can run up to 1 to 2 hours. . Maintenance top loaders have quite simple(a) mechanism compared to front loaders and involve more electronics than mechanical. So, any repair here might not be as expensive as repairs in front loaders and the service is also quick and affordable. Top Loader (Main Disadvantages) 1. Wash quality sources claim that top loaders wash quality is not as good as in front loaders. Since the drum in top loaders is vertical, chances are that clothes at the bottom of the drum and at the top of the drum fail to shift positions to attain the same wash quality. SOME BRANDS HAVE TACKLED THIS PROBLEM NOW see below). 2. Water/Detergent consumption top loaders consume more water and detergent compared to front loaders during a wash cycle. This is mainly because the volume of water required in a top loader to wash a true load is much more compared to a front loader to wash the same load, thereby utilizing more detergent also. 3. Noise/Vibration some top loaders might create vibration and some low-level noise during operation. This is mainly because the body of a top loader is lighter than a front loader and occupies lesser ground space than a front loader.Now, having differntiated between front loaders and top loaders, I hope the above information has helped us to decide between a front loader and a top loader. For all those who have decided to go ahead with a front loader, there is no choice in brand. In India, the obvious front loader market leader is IFB. If at all you have decided to buy a front loader, you can wisely go ahead with an IFB. However, please note that it is advisable to go for higher-endversions/models than lower-end versions/models since you might not get most of the features in lower-end versions despite paying such a huge amount. picpicpicpicpicpicpicpicTop Load ing and a front Loading 1. Water Consumption Water is comsumed is very less amount in front loading than the top loading. The top loading takes almost 2 to 3 medium size bucket of watter for each cycle. ie Wash + no. of rinse cycle. The front loader wold use less than half the amount of water used by the top loader with the same wash results. 2. Fabrics last long Front loaders are gentle to the fabrics than the top loaders. From my personal experiance the fabrics do not loae there texture that early as compared to top loaders.The evidance to support it would beone do not require to clean the lint filer that often, thus the fabric do not loose their fiber. 3. Quiter Operation The front loaders are quiter operation than the top loders, hence the noise pollution is less in the house. 4 energy comsumption. Front loaders are more enegery effecient than the top loaders. 5Front loaders are long long-lived andvirtually maintainance free. Average life of front loader is longer than the top loader (So i have read) Dificultises with fronty loaders 1. With front loaders are you need to bend down to load the cloths.So for those whohave backproblem, using front loaders would be a pain. 2. Front loaders require uninterrupted flow of water to operate. 3. Front loaders are heavy units, and they require to be on a perfectly level base, They should not be moved arround, hence they do not come with base wheels. So guys, choose the front loader, if you want your fabrics to be damaged less, water to be consumed less, but provided you can over come the above difficultues. Feature difference Wash care programs in Front loading machines are more. i. e. ne has a greater choice for washing cotton clothesor synthetic ones in Front loading machines. Heater option for hygenic hotwash is there in Front loading machines though there are some top loading machines which have inbuilt heater. Front loader have high rinsing efficiency thus clothes come out detergent free. Front loader have high er drying efficiency and some machines equiped with 100% dryer can dry clothes 100%. (But theyare costlier and electricity and time consumption for the process is more. ) other(a) difference Top loaders are economical than Front loaders but for good features one has to spend a little more.Also, remember cost determines features and PRODUCT QUALITY. two the machines are user friendly. And if a person takes a little care none of the machines have to be stopped and opened in the middle of the process. even if one wants to do it he can do it easily cos there is drain option given in front loader, after feed stop the machine totally and after about 1. 5 mins one can open its door. Front loader weighs more than top loaders. Both can be moved around by placing them on trolly which is not recommended . Water and detergent consumption in Front loading is less.The traditional top-loading washer does its job well, compared with the washing drums and rollers previous generations used. The w ashers tub sits vertically in the machine and has an agitator in the middle that churns the water and clothes together, forcing water through the items. It drains, refills with clean water, agitates again, drains, rinses and spins. The front-loading machine follows the same basic method, but has many advantages over the standard top-loaders. The front-loading machines greatest advantage may well be its energy efficiency, no small advantage considering an increasingly environmentally aware marketplace.Nearly every model bears the US Department of Energys Energy Star label, setting it apart as an appliance that meets or exceeds the crocked efficiency standards set out jointly by the Environmental Protection Agency and the Department of Energy. Here are some of the other differences between top- and front-loading washers competency While a top-loading machine requires enough water to cover all the clothes in its drum, a front-loading washer needs only a third of that amount because i ts drum is set horizontally in the machine.As the drum turns, it uses gravity to drop the clothes back into the water. And while a top-loading machine will fire the soapy water and refill for a rinse agitation cycle, a front-loading machine just sprays clean water on the load as the drum continues to turn, saving gallons. Since theres no agitator in a front-loading machine, theres a lot more room for dirty clothes and larger loads means less loads. Finally, the front-loading machines spin mechanism can reach up to 1,000 rpm, as opposed to the standard top-loaders average 650 rpm.That means less water left in the laundry, which in turn gives you a shorter drying time, saving energy there, too. Space Most front-loading washers can be stacked with a companion dryer, an impossible feat for standard top-loaders, bar for a mere few models. If floor space is important to you, a front-loading washer is the better choice. Clothing life Theres no question that agitators are tough on your clothes. Because only gravity is at work in a front-loading machine, youll save a lot of wear and tear on your laundry, extending the life of your clothes and linens.Cost In this department, the front-loading washer is at a significant disadvantage. Typically, they cost a minimum of several hundred dollars more than their top-loading counterparts. This initial outlay will be recouped, of course, in energy costs over the long run, but if you can only budget $500 or less for a washer, youll have to go with the traditional top-loading model. Ergonomics If bending or kneeling is difficult for you, stay with a top-loading machine. Youll need to kneel or bend to load the clothes as well as remove the wet load from a front-loading washer.When the machines are stacked, the washer goes on the bottom, so theres no relief there, either. Last-minute lid-flipping Weve all run back to the washing machine to toss in a just-found pair of socks or T-shirt after the machine has started. But with a fr ont-loading machine, theres no twist back once you push the start button. The door locks until the cycle has ended. There are however, a few models that allow a few seconds to add a garment, but once that light or time has elapsed, your clothing has to wait for the next load. DetergentsAlthough you can use any kind of laundry detergent in a top-loader, your detergent selection may be a bit limited with a front-loading machine, depending on the manufacturer. Most manufacturers of front-loading washers recommend using an HE low-sudsing detergent these are becoming more widely available all the time. In the conservation department, the front-loading machine is a clear winner, saving water, energy and, of course, money over the life of the machine. The major detractor for most consumers is the larger initial cash outlay front-loaders often cost $800 or more compared with around $350 for a good top-loader.

Friday, May 24, 2019

College Scholarship Essay

Hi, my name is Stacey Burrell and I currently attending Boston humanities Academy as a Junior theatre major. I believe its never too early to start looking at colleges and lores. My schools of fire include Juilliard, Colombia, and Dartmouth. I am not the first in my family to go to college but I am apart of the first generation. My parents are from Jamaica and never amply completed their education. Ive alship usher outal had to make the most of financial aid and luck. My parents are definitely not rich but weve always found ways to pay for what we need. My child just enrolled at Cornell University almost entirely through financial aid and merit based scholarships. I feel as though I deserve this scholarship because my grades definitely reflect how important education is to me. I plan to major in Theatre Arts and minor in Education.See more how to write a winning scholarship essayTheatre has always been a huge part of my life. My goal for the future is to teach youth how.import ant theatre is. It can tell stories that help people connect to one another. I also deserve this scholarship to prove to myself that I can actually achieve my dreams. I always set the bar high for myself as you can see in my choice of colleges its always heavily having an older sibling.and being compared to them all the time. This scholarship will just be one step closer to my dream of going to college and following in my sisters footsteps. This essay might not stand out to you because I know there are people out there with sickness and disease. Im in good health and I have a supportive family. All I have to prove that I deserve this scholarship are my grades and my determination to go to college.

Thursday, May 23, 2019

Core Values

Marco Aurelien Period 1st Mr. Hill British Lit Beowolf To leave or not to leave In many shipway the ancient Greek and Roman of Beowulf times are intertwined with the modern lives that tout ensemble of us make pass today. These antiquities affect us beyond the obvious government, theatrical, and social practices. The aggregate value of this era mirror and shape our modern center values and morals of today. Pietas loyalty, gravitas seriousness, and dignitas respect are all things that were seen as of import at this time period just as they are seen as important in todays world.It is easy to talk about the obvious positive traits that characters have scann in the epic novels or poems we have read just now it is more fire to tactual sensation at the shadows on grey in a person to coming into court the realism within. The more difficult way of comparing these different eras is to look at the morals and core values that the citizens lived by. Pietas, gravitas, and dignitas, are three general core values that every one in inn must show and live by on a daily basis. In Beowulf, he had the projection to going up against what seemed to be an undefeatable and despised monster that could ultimately lead to his demise.Most would say that Beowulf should a large amount of bravery and Gravitas to go and hypothesis to Denmark to defeat Grendel. Another vantage point is that in actuality Beowulf lacked Pietas to his nation in leaving to fight a battle that was not his own. Though his father had odd him in debt of a favor to King Hrothgar, it was his own choice to ascertain in his fathers footsteps as a warrior. Beowulf was an exemplary example of Dignitas in all aspect of his life, as a role model and boastful and commanding respect from everyone. These core values still surround us in modern times everyday and are necessary in hostel to succeed in life.A student must exhibit all of these things if they are attempting to cash in ones chips a well-rounded s calar and human being. If everyone demonstrates pietas, or loyalty, towards his or her lodge and school they will have a strong support system just about them allowing them to reach their true potential. Students should have a certain level of gravitas, or seriousness, in order to create a safe and effective learning surround for not only his or herself but for everyone around them. While it is important for students to have pietas and gravitas is even more important that that student had dignitas, or respect, for others and for themselves.Everyone may believe that Beowulf exhibited the core values at all times but it can be proven that he did not. These ancient values are as relevant as possible in the modern day world. We may have been able to do without theater or even a elected political system but if people began living without pietas, dignitas, and gravitas society would fall apart. The modern citizen must exhibit all of these core values if they deliver to be successful and if they do they are eventually going to do well in life.Core ValuesMarco Aurelien Period 1st Mr. Hill British Lit Beowolf To leave or not to leave In many ways the ancient Greek and Roman of Beowulf times are intertwined with the modern lives that all of us lead today. These antiquities affect us beyond the obvious government, theatrical, and social practices. The core values of this era mirror and shape our modern core values and morals of today. Pietas loyalty, gravitas seriousness, and dignitas respect are all things that were seen as important at this time period just as they are seen as important in todays world.It is easy to talk about the obvious positive traits that characters have shown in the epic novels or poems we have read but it is more interesting to look at the shadows on grey in a person to show the realism within. The more difficult way of comparing these different eras is to look at the morals and core values that the citizens lived by. Pietas, gravitas, a nd dignitas, are three general core values that every one in society must show and live by on a daily basis. In Beowulf, he had the task to going up against what seemed to be an undefeatable and despised monster that could ultimately lead to his demise.Most would say that Beowulf should a large amount of bravery and Gravitas to go and venture to Denmark to defeat Grendel. Another vantage point is that in actuality Beowulf lacked Pietas to his nation in leaving to fight a battle that was not his own. Though his father had left him in debt of a favor to King Hrothgar, it was his own choice to follow in his fathers footsteps as a warrior. Beowulf was an exemplary example of Dignitas in all aspect of his life, as a role model and giving and commanding respect from everyone. These core values still surround us in modern times everyday and are necessary in order to succeed in life.A student must exhibit all of these things if they are attempting to become a well-rounded scalar and human b eing. If everyone demonstrates pietas, or loyalty, towards his or her community and school they will have a strong support system around them allowing them to reach their true potential. Students should have a certain level of gravitas, or seriousness, in order to create a safe and effective learning environment for not only his or herself but for everyone around them. While it is important for students to have pietas and gravitas is even more important that that student had dignitas, or respect, for others and for themselves.Everyone may believe that Beowulf exhibited the core values at all times but it can be proven that he did not. These ancient values are as relevant as possible in the modern day world. We may have been able to do without theater or even a democratic political system but if people began living without pietas, dignitas, and gravitas society would fall apart. The modern citizen must exhibit all of these core values if they expect to be successful and if they do th ey are eventually going to do well in life.

Wednesday, May 22, 2019

Odysseus and Supernatural Beings

Odysseus and Supernatural Beings Throughout Homers Odyssey, there are firearmy supernatural beings that interact with Odysseus. These beings play an important role as both advisors, temptations or foes to Odysseus. Throughout his go he is confronted with conflicts where he is either helped or hindered by these supernatural beings. Below are some examples of the beings that either helped or hindered Odysseus during his journey. The goddess Athena, goddess of recognition and war, is the most powerful intelligent and influential woman in Odysseuss life. She is always at his side.She speaks on behalf of Odysseus, telling Zeus, her father, that her heart breaks for forlorn Odysseus. Odysseus longs to see the curls of supergrass rising from his home fires in Ithaca, she says, but Calypso will not loosen her hold on him. She reminds Zeus that Odysseus dedicated many burnt offerings to him at Troy. Swayed by her words, Zeus sends the messenger god, Hermes, to Calypsos island with a comm and to release Odysseus. Athena aids Odysseus in many ways throughout his sinless journey, like when she changes the course of events that take place when he first executes the princess Nausicaa of Phaeacia.Athena changes the course of the ball that the girls are throwing so that it falls on Odysseus and wakes him up, leading him to meet Nausicaa. Many times Athena convinces Zeus and the other Gods that Odysseus is worth saving. Perhaps the most formidable foe of Odysseus is the sea god Poseidon, who continually attempts to thwart the efforts of Odysseus to spring a safe journey home. On one of Odysseus adventures he angers the great sea god, Poseidon, by blinding his son, Polyphemus, king of a race of one-eyed giants who stay the island of Sicily.In retaliation, Poseidon relentlessly torments Odysseus after he leaves Sicily, imperiling his voyage at every turn. He is aware that he cannot kill nor stop Odysseus but continues his efforts to make Odysseus journey throughout the st ory full of peril. An example of Poseidons wrath is seen as soon as he arrives back from Ethiopia and spots Odysseus making passage towards Phaeacia, he says, Just look at him there, nearing Phaeacias shores where hes fated to escape his noose of pain thats held him until now.Still my hopes ride high-Ill give that man his swamping fill of trouble, Poseidon attacks Odysseus with a giant wave, and destroys his newly crafted raft. Odysseus survives with the help of the sea nymph Ino . The pretty-pretty goddess Calypso who falls in love with Odysseus after he washes ashore on her island. Calypso, by means of enchantment, holds him prisoner there for seven years. Calypso used trickery and deceit to draw possession over Odysseus. She was a beautiful nymph with a wonderful voice.Calypso uses these advantages to get what she wants. Calypso tries to make Odysseus her husband and asks him if he would want to be immortal by staying on the island with her. Odysseus tells her I each day I long for home, long for the sight of home. In the end, the Gods overpower Calypso into letting him go, but she still demonstrates the gods idea as if it was her own. She tells him O forlorn man, be still. Here you need grieve no more you need not feel your life consumed here I have pondered it, and I shall help you go. In the end, she helps Odysseus after releasing him by providing him a raft and provisions to help him on his way without incident if the gods paying attention it. In conclusion, Odysseus, a mortal, is both helped and hindered by these supernatural beings. He encounters the wrath of Poseidon numerous times throughout his travels. He was held captive by Calypso on her island while longing for home. The Goddess Athena guided and protected him the most throughout his travels. Without the aid of these supernatural beings, the journey of Odysseus would not have been the brave, courageous, and risky adventure that it was.

Tuesday, May 21, 2019

Genocide in Rwanda: International Response

In the course of a hundred days in 1994, over 800,000 Tutsi and moderate Hutu were killed in the Rwandan genocide. It was the fastest, most efficient killing spree of the 20th century. My thesis is that the international company of interests utterly failed to prevent and stop this atrocity. I im give out focus on numerous interconnected aspects that led to international inaction and also on the main actors, Belgium, the United Nations Secretariat, the United States and France, that k smart that there was genocide infraway in Rwanda therefore, they had a responsibility to prevent and stop the genocide, but lacked governmental will.This led to inaction at the level of the Security Council (SC), where member states fixated on the ongoing civil war rather than discussing the genocide, which would have required them to act under the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (1948, article 5)1. Fin on the wholey, it will be shown that this international le tdown had dreadful consequences for the United Nations Assistance Mission For Rwanda (UNAMIR), which, with incomplete adequate resources nor mandate, became an eyewitness to the extermination.SUMMARYThe article focuses on the course of the events in the civil war in Rwanda, parallel with the decisions made by the honourable diplomats in the meeting place for international community, the UN. In 1990, the Tutsi-dominated Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF) invaded Rwanda from their exile in Uganda, setting off a civil war with the Hutu-dominated Government of Rwanda. The international community did non pay a lot of forethought to the systematic discrimination and violation of human rights in the country, since the government was generally quite stable.Three years later, this conflict was seen as a good opportunity for international community (the UN) to reestablish its reputation after a failed intervention in Somalia. They believed that the conflict will be solved successfully, since a fter almost two years of fighting, the RPF and three opposition parties pursued to negotiate a peace harmonizement. This would become known as the Arusha Accords, signed in August 1993. UNAMIR was send to Rwanda to service of process the carrying into action of the Accords, with Romeo Dallaire as its commander.The UN, at that time, faced escalating costs for peacekeeping operations, so they granted a reduction of force sent there, on request of the US, Belgium and the UK. During the years sooner the beginning of the genocide, Hutu Power (Hutu extremist, anti-Tutsi feat) began systematically distributing weapons and spreading propaganda about Tutsi via the Radio et Television Libres des Milles Collines (RTLM). The genocide would be systematic, planned, and had nada to do with ancient warf are or tribal inclinations. By 1994, tensions were high.On January 11th, Commander Dallaire sent a fax to the UN headquarters in New York, warning of a massive slaughter being prepared in Rwan da. Also, the reports from intelligence agency agents were always present during this outcome, so the representatives of Belgium, France and the US were very well informed about the concomitant rising. In January, an analyst of the US Central Intelligence Agency k spic-and-span enough to predict that as many as half a million persons power die in case of renewed conflict and, in February, Belgian authorities already feared genocide (Des Forges 1999, 20). The UN Secretariat is the United Nations bureaucratic arm.As such, it passes on critical nurture to decision-making bodies such as the SC. The Secretariat and the Secretary General, however, have come under considerable criticism for failing to pass on information before and during the Rwandan genocide. Despite ample information about the genocide, staff spoke in terms of a civil war and the need to obtain a ceasefire. As a result, non-permanent members in the SC, who rely on the Secretariat for information, did not come to see the killings as genocide and they misjudged the gravity of the crisis. Instead of strengthening the mission, the SC notwithstanding made some scurvy changes in the mandate.On April 6 1994, Rwandan President Habyarimanas plane was shot down and he was killed. Almost immediately, there was a across the country call to coat of fortify from Hutu Power to begin the slaughter of Rwandan Tutsi. Spread over the propaganda radio station, the message was clear it was time for the Tutsi in Rwanda to be wiped out. As a consequence of either lack of information or lack of political will to intervene, the policymakers described the conflict as tribal killings, tribal resentments, rather than genocide. in that respect was also an inadequate understanding of the conflict.Foreign observers treated the genocide as a collateral damage of war, rather than an ethnic cleanse, which should be attacked directly. Diplomats addressed the problem in the usual way, by promoting dialogue in the midst of both sides and tried to maintain the posture of neutrality. If foreign troops have been sent, this would have signalled that the interim government was whoreson in the eyes of the international community. In the mid-April, after two weeks of killings, the SC (mostly on the initiative of Belgium, the US and the UK) withdrew most of the UN troops from UNAMIR from 2500 to solitary(prenominal) 270 soldiers.Discussion about the new peacekeeping force continued until mid-May, mostly because of the slowness of bureaucracies, since participating nations tried to get more from the situation and give the least possible. What was extraordinary was that such behaviour continued to be acceptable in the context of genocide, by then openly acknowledged by national and international leadership (Des Forges 1999, 24). International leaders had available authority other than armed force, which could influence the conflict but decided not to use them. During the first weeks even simple actions, with almost no expense, could have saved thousands.Major donors of aid to Rwanda did not ever threaten to withhold the financial assistance from a government guilty of genocide. Radio RTLM was communicating orders for the implementation of killings, naming persons to be killed and revealing areas for future attacks through the entire course of genocide. The broadcast stations could have been interrupted without military action. They discussed the idea shortly in the SC, but dropped it soon, because the traditional American commitment to freedom of speech, which was more important than disrupting the voice of genocide.Third cost-free action that could be done was imposing an embargo on arms to Rwanda, which only happened on May 17th, after almost two months of killing. The potential effect of these actions would also be weakened by continued French set up of the interim government. Two weeks after the start of the massacres, governments refused to admit Rwandan delegation sent to ju stify the genocide with exception of France. The Rwandan representatives were greeted in Paris at the highest levels and France officials offered help to genocidal government, on a condition to end bad earthity about the slaughter.France also helped to flee some of the perpetrators of the genocide later. When the Rwandan representatives came to the meeting of the SC, most members failed to condemn the slaughter clearly. except there were also actors that did criticize the decisions made by the SC. The Organization of African Unity, government of Tanzania, Human Rights Watch, The International Federation for Human Rights and the International Committee of the rosy Cross all stepped up their efforts to demand action from national governments and the UN.When the non-permanent members of the SC began to doubt the interpretations of the crisis as presented by the secretariat, changes started to happen. The ambassador of the Czech Republic organized a meeting with representatives of t he Human Rights Watch, where he discussed the problem and informed himself. He said The issue of Rwanda is not a national priority for the Czech Republic, but as a human being, I cannot sit here and do nothing (Des Forges 1999, 494). The ambassador of New Zealand (in that time the president of the SC), threatened to open session for public and that way forced all the states to compromise and draft a statement.The diplomats from Czech Republic, New Zealand, Spain and Argentina took the initiative to insist on the measures to halt the genocide and were contumacious in pushing for action in Rwanda (ibidem). 3ANALYSIS In the case of Rwanda, the international response to the crisis consists of various conglomerate factors, mentioned above. A misguided view of African conflicts, the bureaucratic nature of the United Nations and peacekeeping fatigue in general are just some of them.Every state that was in a position to decide otherwise has its own reasons for being inactive most of the m are influenced by their national sakes or maybe even better, a lack of a national interest in that region. Unfortunately for the people of Rwanda, their country did not qualify for a peacekeeping operation that would bring the actual peace. To support my thesis further, I would handle to point out some of the matters that seem to present the international community that knew and send packingd what was happening and consecutively failed to prevent and stop the genocide.Firstly, there was plenty of intelligence to support the likelihood of the genocide. One sample was the Dallaire fax. Dellaires claims were discharged because he was new to operating in Africa and assumingly, not enough experienced in that field. Secondly, during the actual events media coverage in the Western World delivered considerable proof of genocide. In the United States, the Washington Post and New York Times had front rogue reporting about the events in Kigali for a two week period. The evidence proves th at the UN and US officials claim of non-awareness, was completely baseless.The main actors Belgium, the US and France had sufficient information on what was going on and the quick and effective evacuation of foreign nationals show that they also had the capacity to intervene (Barnett 1997). Another failure amongst the international community was by the hesitant use of the word genocide instead they described the ongoing conflict as civil war or acts of genocide, contempt evidence to the contrary. Such statements would imply that the United Nations would be legally bound to intervene in accordance with the Genocide Convention of 1948.Another demonstration of international let-down was the waiver of the UN troops. Romeo Dallaire sent a request for additional peacekeepers, however, the request was denied by the UN because the United States opposed the notion. To further frustrate the circumstances, the bodies of ten Belgium militias were found which led to withdrawal of all Belgium p eace corps. After this event, General Dallaire was left with 270 peace keepers for the whole country most of them unarmed and only allowed to shoot in self-defence (Putterbaugh 2010).All in all, this instrument that Rwanda was really abandoned by the international community. What interest me the most, is that the UN decided to send troops in after the Arusha Accords. It seems that public and the media, had an ill opinion about the UN missions, because of the departure of the US soldiers on the mission in Somalia a year before. So the civil war became a good opportunity to reinstate good build of the UN occurred. They did not do this because of their moral responsibility to protect and safeguard peace they did it because of their reputation. Doesnt that cast even a bigger shadow over the mental home as a whole?There should be a mechanism introduced, which would help to prevent situations like genocide in Rwanda when human lives are at risk, this should be a national interest of every country, of every institution or organization. But in the case of Rwanda, there was a complete paired when first victims fell, when the potential danger presented itself they recalled troops back home. Another mechanism is obviously not working in the system of the UN Dallaire had many opportunities to confiscate the arms, to help the civilians but he could not because he did not have the required authorization.A lot could have been done if the countries knew more about the situation and the possibilities which could have been seized, without untold expenses and force. At the same time, Yugoslavia was falling apart. The US had a big use in that conflict, where it presented itself as a major peacemaker and Rwanda was not getting the attention it should (Barnett 1997). Another thing that I find appalling is the arms trade that was happening at that time. Belgium, Israel, France, the UK, Netherlands and Egypt were the main distributers of weapons to Rwanda.These were force s that equipped the genocidal government of Rwanda for the killings and they set example of what will happen if small arms and light weapons are sold to a country with ethnic, religious or nationalistic frictions. In modern wars light weapons are responsible for most of the killings of civilians and combatants, since they are used more often than heavy artillery in human rights violations of international law. Yet the international community continues to ignore trade in those weapons, or they even trade themselves.Trade with these arms has helped to undermine peacekeeping efforts and allowed local troops to challenge UN militias (Goose and Smyth 1994). There would be another despotic effect of the embargo on trading arms the international community would expel Rwandan government from their circle, which would stigmatize it. Hutu supporters would not follow a government that would not be legitimate in the international society and could not make business within this society. 4CONCL USION After one hundred days of unimaginable vehemence and hatred, the RPF prevailed and declared a ceasefire.RPF tried and created mass graves for almost million bodies spread across the country. An effort to rebuild their country and to appoint a new government was made by both, Hutu and Tutsi leaders. This tragedy could have been prevented. The death of a million people in the Rwandan genocide of 1994 must be viewed as an abysmal failure on the part of the international community to respond to a humanitarian crisis of proportions rarely seen. Therefore, I can confirm my thesis various and complex factors, explained in this essay, influenced main actors and impaired the functioning of the SC to the point of inaction.They had the means and especially a responsibility to protect civilians, prevent a genocide, but lacked political will, because of their national interests. Did we learn anything from this experience? The slogan never again which was coined immediately in the afterm ath of the Holocaust in the twentieth century, still poses challenges to the world community it was a promise that genocide would be prevented and stopped. But the West abandoned Rwanda and it continues to abandon Dafur, Democratic Republic of Congo, Syria and many other countries.The task of genocide streak can be accomplished only through the mutual cooperation of countries around the world and one can only hope that an awareness of this will go some way toward preventing unnecessary reluctance to intervene in similar conflicts in the future. 5GLOSSARY OF TERMS GENOCIDE dn?s?jd iztrebljenje skupnosti 1. The deliberate killing of people who work to a particular racial, political, or cultural group. 2. Deliberate and systematic destruction of a racial, religious, political, or ethnic group. 3.The Rwandans who organized and executed the genocide must conceptualise full responsibility for it. 4. Synonym slaughter hypernym kill hyponym ethnic genocide. EMBARGO ?mb?rgo prepoved u voza 1. A government order that limits trade in some way. 2. An official ban on trade or other commercial performance with a particular country. 3. Imposing an embargo on arms to Rwanda would have been another effective, cost-free way of indicating international condemnation of the interim government, but this measure, first raised in the Security Council at the end of April, was implemented only on May 17.4. Synonym prohibition hypernym trade barrier hyponym arms embargo. PEACEKEEPING pes-?ke-pi? vzdrzevanje miru 1. The preserving of peace. 2. International enforcement and supervision of a truce between hostile states or communities. 3. Faced with escalating costs for peacekeeping operations, the UN staff and members wanted not just success, but success at low cost. 4. Synonym mediation, mollification hypernym operation hyponym peacekeeping mission. CEASE-FIRE ?ses-?fi(-?)r ustavitev ognja 1. A temporary stopping of fighting.2. An agreement to stop fighting a war for a period of time so that a permanent agreement can be made to end the war. 3. Accustomed to dealing with wars, not with genocides, diplomats addressed the familiar part of the problem in the usual way, by promoting a dialogue between the belligerents and seeking a cease-fire. 4. Synonym armistice hypernym peace hyponym permanent cease-fire. WARFARE w?rf?r vojno stanje 1. Activity that is done as part of a struggle between competing groups, companies, etc. 2. A lack of agreement or union 3.A leading columnist for the New York Times even managed to put the new and the old cliches in the same sentence, referring to a failed state and to a centuries-old level of tribal warfare. 4. Synonym conflict hypernym action hyponym tribal warfare. Unknown words 1. ammunition cmjunis?n the objects (such as bullets and shells) that are shot from weapons strelivo 2. belligerent belidz?r?nt angry and aggressive feeling or showing readiness to fight bojevit 3. cadaver k?deiv? a dead body truplo 4. cal amitous k?lc?mit?s causing great ruin or suffering nesrecen, razdejalen5.inept inept lacking skill or ability nesmiseln, nespodoben 6. inertia insi? lack of movement or activity especially when movement or activity is wanted or needed lenivost, lenoba 7. interim int?rim intended to last, continue, or serve for a limited time zacasen 8. paucity p?siti a small amount of something an amount that is less than what is needed or wanted malenkost, majhno stevilo 9. purport pp?t the main or general meaning of something smisel, pomen, smoter10. reconnaissance rik*?nis?ns military activity in which soldiers, airplanes, etc., are sent to find out information about an enemy poizvedovanje 11. to balk bk to show unwillingness to accept, do, engage in, or agree to preprecevati, ovirati 12. to condemn k?ndem to say in a strong and definite way that someone or something is bad or wrong obsoditi 13. to deteriorate diti?ri?reit to become worsened or of less value poslabsati se 14. to rebuf f ribf to refuse (something, such as an offer or suggestion) in a rude way odbiti, odkloniti 15. to shun s?n to avoid (someone or something)DEBATE PREVIEWI will focus our debate on four discussable questions each one of them related to the international response to the Rwandan genocide.Firstly, in my seminar I presented the role of France as a Rwandan governments number-one supplier of weapons. Does this fact alone make France more culpable for the genocide than the rest of the international community? How should responsibility be allocated for what happened, both inside and outside Rwanda? How has the international community, in particular Belgium, France, the United States, and the UN, faced up to the question of responsibility and blame in the years since the genocide? Secondly, the UN reliable the troops as the peace-keepers, not peace-makers.By UN mandate, UN troops were permitted to use their weapons only in self-defense. If the generals had disobeyed orders and authorized their troops to fire on fighters who were killing masses in front of their eyes, would they have done the right thing? Next, I mentioned that various factors contributed to the inactivity of the international community, such as the disastrous U. S. humanitarian intervention in Somalia in 1993, less than a year before, which ended with the U. S. helicopter shot down and the bodies of U. S. soldiers dragged through the streets of Mogadishu.Does this justify the U. S. and the UNs refusal to intervene? Can we risk our own citizens lives in order to save foreign and can we risk the reputation of an intergovernmental institution, which possibly could never be restored again in order to help even if that means that some major countries may not want to cooperate at all in the future? Finally, I will also encourage a debate over possible solutions for halting genocide and violation of human rights when and how should the governments act, who should contribute the resources etc.

Monday, May 20, 2019

Reducing Racial Discrimination in the USA Essay

Between the periods of 1877-1981 there were umpteen remarkable figures who contributed to contendds minify racial diversity in the USA. Although without events such as the Montgomery coach-and-four Boycott, WWII or the actions of the NACCP to change attitudes to state of wards African Americans, these respective(prenominal)s would contain had curt effect. The likes of Booker T capital letter and Du Bois set the foundation for civic rights along with the arcminute World War however other individuals such as Martin Luther big businessman help to actively come up the movement.Along with this the government and various presidents much than so in the latter of the period of 1877-1981 helped to change attitudes and put on lawmaking which was vital in reducing racial diversity in the USA. Booker T uppercase began to provide the foundations to the accomplished rights movement in his actions. Although I believe that during this archean period of the movement little was ach ieved, Washington was still able to provide education, and show African Americans that they had a future and it was at their suffer mercy. This helped to relieve some who were less fortunate.On the other hand Du Bois took a route which directly campaigned for cultured rights for African Americans alike to Washington he achieved little due to the already widespread racial short letter in the USA. It is noticeable that these individuals had no short term meaningful effect on reducing racial unlikeness, however much was achieved long term as they created the path for the civil rights movement in the future, this was excessively aided with the work from the NACCP, which raised awareness of the racial inconsistency situation in America.Another individual which had little short term significance in reducing racial discrimination was Marcus Garvey, who unlike Du Bois and Washington believed that unforgivings and blanks could not co-exist and they should be separate, he held the b elief that African Americans had to start their own nation in place to advance. Whilst he failed to project much tinct on the movement itself, alike to his predecessors Du Bois and Washington, his ideas were valued and widespread, they inspired many including future activists such as Malcolm X.Garvey gave African Americans at that time a sense of confidence that they would be able to advance as a race, and they need not be bound by the constraints of racial discrimination. This is why in the Long term Garvey was a valued activist, and his ideas were exercisingful in progress in the movement towards comparison. as well he gave confidence to other African Americans in campaigning against racial discrimination which could be seen in the likes of the Greensboro Sit Ins further into the civil rights movement.The likes of the NACCP helped to put an end to racial discrimination with the use of court cases and legal methods which were unlike the methods that the likes of Washington ut ilize with his attempts to educate. Examples of this were Brown Vs the board of education which the Supreme move ruled in favor of reducing discrimination and segregation within schools. However the NACCP failed to diminish discrimination totally the organization still managed to do some good in the fight for equality.Furtherto a greater extent, whilst the likes of Du Bois were unable to make a direct impact on reducing discrimination, he was able to work alongside the NACCP use other methods to succeed in his goals, and to mystifyher this would master discrimination more. thereof the NACCP played a more important role than early individuals in reducing racial discrimination towards African Americans through its early successes in successes in removing segregation, and although things to come would show to be more valuable to the civil rights movement, the NACCP was still a vital element in setting the foundation of the civil rights movement for the future.Although individuals h ad led the campaign for civil rights for African Americans throughout the early 20th century and towards the end of the 19th, as WWII commenced it would prove to be a rudimentary factor in aiding reduction of racial discrimination. It helped to change attitudes towards black Americans, as they went to war they were portrayed to be worthy American citizens which changed many white Americans attitudes towards them.The war as well as created treadping stones for the likes of Martin Luther fag to breach into the civil rights movement, therefore not just if did it have an impact on black Americans, it also created some success for many civil rights activists. However the war did nothing to reduce discrimination towards other ethnic minorities, for example Japanese Americans received much racial discrimination due to Japans role in WWII.Although the war was bad for the civil rights of Japanese Americans, Chinese Americans received a better way of life, with more civil rights as Amer ica unfit a great political relationship with China after the war due to their help during it. thusly WWII was a great influence on reducing racial discrimination within the USA for only certain minorities, although for the likes of Japanese Americans way of life got worse as they were sent to camps until the war ended due to suspicions.The war was more important than earlier individuals as it had a direct impact on reducing racial discrimination, and further effect in the emergence of fresh civil rights activists who would afterward have a significant role in the movement. As the attitudes towards African Americans changed after the war in the 1940s many civil rights activists saw their time to join the civil rights movement. One of these activists was Martin Luther poove who used methods of non-violence in order to gain sympathy from whites and in doing so change attitudes towards black Americans.Although his views were similar to those of Du Bois views, King had more effect on reducing racial discrimination. Particularly in attempts to eliminate desegregation. This was likely to be partly due to how far the civil rights movements had advanced by Kings time, in particularly down to WWII which changed attitudes. King gave confidence to Black Americans he used television and media to involve his ideas through speeches which were very influential and very much a trait of his. King was often compared as similar to Washington and Du Bois, although he did much more to reduce discrimination.His direct actions in the likes of the Montgomery Bus boycott. This event was critical in reducing racial discrimination as it saw black Americans join as one to fight for their cause, its success showed that with the unity of African Americans civil rights could be achieved, and also be that the likes of King needed events such as the boycott to achieve anything as an activist. This event was significant to him. Also significant to Kings civil rights success was the use of television. With the use of television violence towards African Americans could be shown to a wider audience across the USA, and could hange attitudes.Therefore although King was more significant than his predecessors Washington, Garvey and Du Bois as an activist, this was partly due to what King had to work with such as television. Further to this, the likes of civil rights activists such as Cesar Chavez who was in the fight for reducing discrimination within Mexican Americans followed Kings policies of non-violence, this showed King was not only having an effect on black Americans. Chavez led the first farm workers union in America which was triple-crown to some extent, and led to the reduction of racial prejudice.Although this wasnt much compared to what the likes King had achieved with his use of speeches. In furrow to Kings policy of non-violence was the up and coming idea of Black Power during the 1960s. Originating from Garvey, violent civil rights activist Malcolm X wo rked to make the ideology more popular. The idea supported segregation, and blacks be supreme compared to white Americans, and again highlighted the ideas of African Americans starting their own nation. Xs beliefs of gaining equality by any actor necessary contrasted with Kings beliefs of non-violence which made King and X much like enemies during the 1960s.However, Xs ideas had little or none effect on passing legislation and reducing discrimination. Although alike to Garvey X gave black Americans confidence, noticeably within the northern ghettos in highlighting important issues of violence within these areas. Therefore Xs views of violence were greatly frowned upon, which forever put him in the shadow of King who was always more significant in reducing racial discrimination in the USA. In the early stages of the civil rights movement the government played little role in reducing racial discrimination.However presidents began to get involved in the movement as it persisted. Eis enhower had the first real involvement in the movement when he sent federal troops for assistance in Little Rock, and the government implemented the Supreme greet ruling of the Brown case in the town. Kennedy had planned to enforce a Civil Rights Bill, although this was later enforced via Johnson along with the Voting Rights Act of 1965, which gave black Americans the right to vote, and again reduced discrimination this was a step in the right direction of equality.Further to this Nixon aimed to enforce desegregation in schools as well as dowry the like of voting rights, employment discrimination and aid to the poor. Although Nixon was not as significant as Carter who later made attempts to get black Americans involved politically, appointing them in the judiciary. This enabled more blacks to have a secernate as well as improving their status in society. Therefore presidents played a key role as if they were for civil rights, then this could mean attitudes could be changed on a b roader scale.This was important to the movement, and was more useful in reducing discrimination overall due to legislation passed which was showing that action was being bearn against racial discrimination, unlike the role of previous activists such as Du Bois, Garvey, X and Washington who failed to have much impact on legislation. The most influential president was Johnson he was able to pass legislation which made blacks equality to whites greater, such as the Voting Rights Act. Although the likes of King didnt have the power to do this, civil rights activists made government aware of the racial situation in the USA.Therefore they were more significant than presidents. In the 1970s and 1980s further action brought forward the civil rights movement. The introduction of the Quota System meant that employers and universities had to take on a certain percentage of African Americans, and the situation for black Americans began to rapidly improve. Although this had much more significan ce than many activists in this later period, it was still influenced because of activists in the early stages of the civil rights movement, which make the likes of King more significant.In conclusion, in the period of 1877-1981 individuals were the most significant in reducing racial discrimination. premature activists such as Washington and Du Bois had little opportunity to reduce discrimination due to the widespread discrimination and the likes of the KKK, however, events such as WWII enabled activists to emerge, as attitudes towards African Americans had began to change. Using the ideologies of previous activists the most important individual King was able to use events such as the Montgomery Bus Boycott and the likes of television to share his speeches and views, helping to pass legislation, change attitudes and give blackAmericans the confidence to further the civil rights movement. King helped to convey the on-going discrimination problem in the USA towards the government, wh ich enabled presidents to take action with the likes of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 which brought about further equality for blacks. Although towards the latter stages of the movement the government had more effect on reducing racial discrimination by passing legislation.

Sunday, May 19, 2019

Cybercrime Awarness Essay

In todays cyber creative activity in which everyone is dependent on computers and net income cybercrime is a increment concern since it exists individuals and companies billions of dollars each year. This paper is questioning the noticeingness of spate regarding cybercrime and its effects. It is being researched beca drug ab drug ab accustom the aw beness itself and the knowledge on the matter argon requirements for stopping cybercrime, considering the effects of no action mechanism.Research showed that although the legal age is conscious of the dangers that cybercrime flummoxs they be nighly not volitioning to do much, except the primary steps, to protect themselves from it. They argon leaving the door open for cybercriminals to step in. Introduction This project foc mathematical functions on the dangers of cybercrime and the awareness and knowledge of individuals regarding it. In addition to finding out how much and what race know around cybercrime unrefined information regarding cybercrime sub guinea pigs is presented. CybercrimeCybercrime is closely commonly defined as crime in which computers and network are apply for il legitimate activities much(prenominal) as fraud, trafficking, stealing of identities, violating privacy and m either opposites (Encyclopedia Britannica, 2010). Due to the far-flung spend of computers and profit in todays society, cybercrime has become largest growing type of criminal activity around the world (British broadcast Corporation, n. d. ). harmonize to the Computer Crime Research Center (2004) cybercrime is most commonly divided into triad categories (a) cybercrime against persons, (b) cybercrime against berth or (c) cybercrime against government.First type of cybercrime, the one with with(p) to community consists of crimes such as contrary physiques of harassments, child pornography distri bution, basic all in ally everything arrogatee to plenty with the accustom of computers and cybe rspace (Parishat, 2004). One of m all eccentrics of cybercrime against persons was the historied Melissa Virus (CERT, 1999) which attacked over 1 million computers in the United States and Europe through Microsoft phrase program. Melissa was engineered as a macro virus that attacks Microsoft Word 97 and 2000 and Microsoft Outlook and then send the virus to another(prenominal) bulk through the outlook address book (tech target, 2011).Further more(prenominal), it has the possibility to cripple get away systems of corporations as it did with Microsoft. Second type of cybercrime named above is the one against each and all types of property (Parishat, 2004). Furthermore, property cybercrime is most a good deal the destruction of other communitys property either through damaging programs or through acts of vandalism, sabotage and industrial espionage. Third and the last category are crimes towards government (Parishat, 2004). match to Parishat, net profit is often used to wage threats towards governments and citizens.Furthermore, most common type of cybercrime against government is hacking government or army websites. Types of cybercrime acts will be explained in more detail in the following pages. Spam. Usual definition of email (iskon, n. d. ) would be that it is an unwanted and unasked electronic mail, which is normally sent to large number of recipients. Increasing come of mesh users report junk e-mail problems on their email accounts, which is why more and more online internet providers abide safeguard against netmail in form of spam filters and various features that corporation block unwanted mail (Spamlaws, 2009).Spam is so annoying that a check out in Australia showed that spam mail is on fifteenth place of things that annoy Australians the most (Anonymous, 2010). A study steered by joint forces of University of California, Berkeley and the University of California, San Diego show that spammers butt joint put one over millions of dolla rs per year secure by sending spam mail (British Broadcasting Corporation, 2008). Moreover, they concluded that although spammers receive service on approximately every 12th million mail they send they til now earn a signifi lavatoryt marrow depending on the size of their spam network.Spam has risen to such takes that individuals now pose as companies and send out spam mail that can damage the telephoners temperament (HT Media, 2010). Most spam mail is scarce advertising and as such is harmless, but many spam messages are vocalism of more severe internet frauds such as personal individuality thievery or any other common internet fraud (Microsoft, n. d. ) File sharing and piracy. The word piracy has capaciously changed its weting compared to what it used to stand for in the past.Today when we posit piracy we do not mean on pirates who attack other ships and settlements, rather we echo of people who are duplicating the work of others and selling it for their private g ain without the permission of the owner (The Indian Music Industry, 2010). Companies and governments are trying to fight the piracy by encouraging consumers to use legal means of acquisition of movies, music and other work typically targeted by pirates (Pichevin, 2010).Moreover, they are implementing laws that are supposed to pr evet piracy, but people support started taking piracy for disposed(p) and do not hesitate to do it on daily basis thinking it is not a crime, and this costing the industry millions of dollars. Internet fraud. According to Australian Federal Police, the term online fraud refers to any type of fraud scheme that uses email, websites, chat rooms or message boards to present fraudulent solicitations to prospective dupes, to conduct fraudulent transactions (Australian Federal Police, 2010).In todays time of computers and internet many scams are circling the World Wide Web (National Fraud Information Ceneter, n. d. ). Moreover, old phone and mail frauds that used to banding the world are doing the same again, but this time on the internet, and to such extent that it is becoming unenviable to tell the difference amongst genuine online sellers and scammers, who just want to chair our money. Child pornography. One of the origin applications of the internet that strived for profit was pornography (Encyclopedia Britannica, 2010).Although legal, pornography has a criminal element to its name and that is child pornography. That element has grown to such extent that experts say it has became a melodic phrase that earns around 3 billion dollars a year. Also as such child pornography is hard to track on the internet collectable to the event that there are still many countries with inadequate cybercrime laws in place. Providers of child pornography use the internet to sell it to pedophiles, who in addition of buying child pornography also use the internet to lure children into ngaging in illegal sexual activities (Law Library, 2010). Moreover , one of the difficulties in stopping child pornography is that it is take one over the internet, meaning it is on global scale, and law enforcement officials all around the world have to stand by in stopping the offenders. Hacking. In the early days of the internet hacking was no more than a possible joke, but today hacking has completely other meaning and it is considered a severe transgression of the law (British Broadcasting Corporation, n. d. ).Furthermore, hackers today prove their worth and skills to other hackers by attacking computer systems of big multinational corporations and even governments. Moreover, they plant their viruses which can then cause severe damage, for example the love-bug virus which hit over twoscore million computers in the world and managed to cause billions of dollars in remedy. Today hackers often compromise computer systems of deposits and other business in order to steal money or some valuable entropy which they can later sell on the black m arket (British Broadcasting Corporation, n. . ). Furthermore, in a field interpreted by the Computer Security Institute 90% of companies in the survey say that they have undergo security de scatterment breaches in their systems in the last year, while 74% claimed to lose money because of these security breaches. The inwardness bill was over 260 millions of dollars. Moreover, almost 80% of the companies know that their employees tend to exploit the internet for personal gain, during their operative hours, and approximately the same percentage of companies has detected signs of viruses in their systems I the last year.Today there are even websites where people can learn how to become a hacker and improve their hacking skills (hackthissite. org, 2010). Identity stealing. likely the most famous type of cybercrime is the individuality theft or the theft of personal reading of people (techterms, 2011). Identity theft doesnt only refer to theft over internet, but on any type of i llegal obtaining of personal data (department of justice, n. d. ). There are two ways of roll uping information over the internet and they are phishing and pharming (techterms, 2011).Phishing is a type of internet fraud in which fake emails are used to gather information. Furthermore, it is valuable to say that people fall on this kind of scams because they appear to be legitimate and from legitimate websites. While phishing lures users to fake sites, pharming redirects internet users to fake websites without their knowledge. Moreover, unlike phishing pharming has the possibility to hit more users at the same time. Furthermore, when users are redirected to fake websites either by phishing or pharming they are asked for their personal information which criminals can use to steal their identity.Through identity theft criminals can severely damage people whose identity they have taken (department of justice, n. d. ). Furthermore, they do financial damage through recognise card debt, loans, etc. in addition to the reputation of the dupes that suffers as well. It is important to mention that stolon offenders who ruined many lives usually walked free due to lack of laws against identity theft. First laws against identity theft were not made until 1998. According to Federal Trade Commission approximately 9 million the Statesns become victims of identity theft, and that is just on yearly basis (Federal Trade Commission, n. . ) Intellectual property. According to World Intellectual Property Organization (n. d. ) mental property is work of mind including literary and art work, different inventions, names, symbols images and approach patterns. According to Law Library America (2010) capable property theft is a theft of copyrighted materials and other companys disdain secrets. Most common intellectual properties that are stolen online are software, movies and music, and games. Furthermore, trade secrets such as plans, designs, different kind of policies and proce dures, even recopies are also stolen.Moreover, companies or individuals counterfeit brands of products and sell them as the real deal which they are not. Intellectual property theft can affect the entire economy, because hackers and pirates contribute to losses of millions of dollars. Furthermore, with appearance of computers intellectual property theft has become easier than ever since companies have everything on computer files which are easy to look into in. Moreover, pirated secrets are sold to other companies that use them to stay in the race or to get discernment on how their competition operates etc. dditionally denomination states that that intellectual property criminals have very low cost of operation due to the circumstance they do not make any sales in person, they dont have to travel anywhere outside their homes and their profits are rather high. According to move (2009) theft of information and other cybercrimes have cost businesses on global level around $1 trilli on just in last year. Furthermore, she claims that business in developing countries and third world countries drop down more money on protecting their intellectual property then western countries do.industrial espionage. Industrial espionage appeared as a by-product of the fast technological progress, it reflects the attempts of businesses to acquire secrets of the trade from their competition and use it for their personal gain (Encyclopedia Britannica, n. d. ) Moreover, industrial espionage is not always as dramatic as it sounds it can be as simple as determineing prices of competition. Furthermore, trade secrets could e exposed through disgruntle employees who might seek strike back against their company and give away sensible information to its competitors.In addition some employees are lured by other companies with promises of better salary and work conditions just so that employee gives them secrets of their competition. A very recent example of industrial espionage happened in Renault, where their project with Nissan in developing a battery-powered car was involved in industrial espionage affair (Haase, 2011). Furthermore, the member states that top Renault managers might be involved in the case, but Renault is still unsure as to who might had breached their security protocols and gained access to the information.Another example of industrial espionage, but on more global level, is the WikiLeaks, who publish great number of secret documents on the Afghan and Iraq war to the popular public (Greenberg, 2010) Furthermore, that breach of secret information is the biggest one in military history and according to the offend of WikiLeaks Julian Assange it is just the beginning. Moreover, he claims that he possess a trove of yet to be published documents about private sector in the US that could bring down major US bank.However, he says that this information will be published in 2011 upon concourse more information, so it remains to be seen what will hap pen. According to Smole (2004) industrial espionage is becoming easier with technological progress. It is relatively easy to listen in and read someones mobile phone records all you pauperization to do is switch phone batteries. Furthermore, engineering is so advanced today that eavesdropping and theft are growing problem for companies today. Further in the article it is express that 60% of members of the Institute of Directors (IOD) have been victims of theft.Every medal has two sides, so does this one, it provides handful of opportunities for security companies to step in and offer their services in protecting other companies. According to Smoles article listening devices were found at around 5% of companies, in UK, that seek rampart and security confirmations. Moreover, other commercial advantage of industrial espionage is that in the UK alone ? 10milion worth of listening devices has been sold, so that is nice business for companies selling those devices. It is important to add that nowadays information is vital to success on the market and brings companies required edge over competition.However, article also states that there are even some partially legal companies in the business of providing espionage services for other companies. Companies who manage to discover that their confidential information has been compromised usually take legal efforts to stop further loss of trade secrets (Encyclopedia Britannica, n. d. ). Furthermore, law regulated consequences for companies responsible of industrial espionage crop from injunctions for use of knowledge acquired through illegal ways to fining for damages, depending on the severances of the crime.Today industrial espionage is so widespread it is not just in the movies we watch, but it is a real threat to ethics of business (Smale, 2004). According to Symantec Company (2010), one of the leading world companies in protection against cybercrime, around two thirds of Internet users in the world have been victims of cybercrime. Furthermore, they claim that majority of people who become victims of cybercrime blame themselves for becoming victims of such act. Moreover, majority of victims state that they do not plan on changing their behavior and large portion never even reports the crime to the authorities.Researching awareness is very important, because awareness directly influences legal profession of cybercrime. Methods Primary research part of this project consists of a survey, which was administrated online with the use of survey monkey an online survey tool. According to Trochim (2006) survey is one of the most valuable research methods. In this case survey was chosen due to time constraints and the fact it can give the needed information from greater number of reactents. Survey targeted all ACMT students and faculty total of them 500, of which ne hundred responded to the survey. Respondents were all literate and educated enough, with no language barrier and surprisingly coop erative. The survey was created on January 21, 2011 and it consisted of 6teen closed-ended forelands that would take no more than five minutes to answer. Goal behind such bypass survey was for the respondents not to lose interest towards the end and answer all minds. Survey was designed to streamlet the general knowledge and awareness of the auditory modality. A savor of the self-administrated online survey can be seen in accompaniment B.Survey Questions Question 1. Please identify your gender. This first marvel was posed in order to gather background information about the hear audition, to see what percentages of respondents were male and what percentage were female. Question 2. Please distinguish your age group. This promontory also served to gather additional data about the sample sense of hearing, to see what percentages of respondents live to which of the four offered age groups. Question 3. How much time do you miss in front of a computer on daily basis?This p oint was designed to see how much time respondents spend in front of their computers in order to investigate if there are any connections between the amount of time spent in such manner and knowledge about cybercrime issues. Question 4. For what purposes do you use computers and Internet? This promontory was designed to see for what purposes respondents use computers and the Internet, is it purely for business and education or they use it for personal purposes as well. Question 5. Do you use Internet for any of the following?This question is closely related to the anterior question. It was designed to check for exactly what personal or business purposes the sample reference uses Internet. From the data gathered it was possible to draw conclusions on how advanced is their usage of Internet possibilities and do they use it to full potential or just capture small portion of its possibilities. Question 6. get under ones skin you ever experienced problems with any of the following? T his question was designed to see with what kind of Internet attacks respondents most often suffer from.Whether they are from viruses, spyware or hackers themselves. Question 7. What types of cybercrime can you name? This was the only question that was unrestricted, but the respondents were required to name only cybercrime types they know. Regrettably the survey tool used is such that it is possible for respondents to skip questions and this question might be skipped by some. Question 8. Do you feel that you are protected enough against cybercrime? This question was designed to detect the general level of protection of respondents against cybercrime.To test if they feel vulnerable against cybercrime or they think they are protected enough against it. Question 9. Do you use any program to protect your Internet browsing? This question was posed to see if the sample audience is aware of the Internet threats and use programs specifically designed to protect them while they are online. I t doesnt test what program exactly they use but it just tests the general usage of such programs that protect its users from unwanted viruses and spyware. Question 10. Has your PC ever been give by a virus that damaged its components or stored data?This question is somewhat connected to the previous question. It was designed to test if the sample audience ever came under attack from viruses that damaged their computers hardware or software and corrupted data. It does not measure what was damaged in the process or excess of the damages, just the occurrence of the attack did it ever happen or not. Question 11. Have you ever been a victim of identity theft? This question was designed to see if any of the sample audience has ever been a victim of an identity theft fraud.It does not test the severity of the fraud or its depth and damages to the respondent only the occurrence of such action. Question 12. Do you know anyone who suffered from identity theft? This question completes the pre vious one it provides additional information about identity theft. It was presumed that only few respondents suffered from identity theft I used this additional question to gather more information. Reasoning behind this was that some of the respondents at least know someone who suffered from identity theft. Question 13. Have you ever downloaded any material from the Internet without salaried for it?This question was used as a control question, posed in order to check validity of answers to other related items. Reasoning was that everyone has at some point in time downloaded something from the Internet without paying for it, especially in this time when downloading torrents are all present. Question 14. Have you ever matte that your computer has been hacked? Hacking is one of more serious types of cybercrimes and it causes billions of dollars in damages each year. This question serves the purpose of gathering information on hacking attacks on any of the respondents in the survey.Al though it is highly probable that a lot of the answers will be negative, since hackers rarely attack individuals due to low profit possibilities, it is possible to get relevant feedback from the data gathered Question 15. Have you ever sent spam mail? This item is a attractive straightforward question regarding spam mail. It was designed to test if anyone from sample audience sent some spam mail, e. g. if they forward popular junk mail on social networks, company mails etc. Question 16. Have you ever stolen someone elses work? (Intellectual property)This question was posed as another control question, to check validity of answers to other related items. Did they ever steal someone elses work, or take credit for something they did not do. Results Due to the limitations of the online tool used for the survey only one hundred people could respond to the internet survey. The survey was available online from January 21, 2011 until the February 3, 2011. This means that about 20% of all A CMT students and faculty responded to the online survey. lone(prenominal) ACMT members and ply had the opportunity to take part in the survey.For questions consult the Methods part of this project. Graphical representation of the results can be seen in Figures 1 through 15. Survey Results Response to question 1. Data gathered by the first item shows that 59 respondents or 59 % of the respondents were female and 41 respondents or 41% of the respondents were male. It demand to be noted that one must assume, when gathering the data by an internet-administered survey, that none of the respondents would feel the need to garble themselves since they were given the option to remain completely anonymous.Response to question 2. As was to be expected, due to the fact that most of the population was consisted of students attending ACMT 83 people or 83% of respondents answered that they are between ages of 18 to 25. On the same question nine other people or 9% of respondents answered that t hey are between ages of 26 to 35, additionally four people or 4% of respondents answered that they are between ages of 36 to 45. utmost four respondents or 4% of respondents answered that they are between ages of 46 to 70. Response to question 3.On this question none of the respondents answered that they spend less than 30 minutes on their computers on daily basis. On the other hand five people or 5% of respondents said that they spend somewhere between 30 and 59 minutes on their computers on daily basis 22 people or 22% of respondents said that they spend one to two hours in front of their computers on daily basis. absolute majority of respondents or 37 of them or 37% of respondents claims that they spend somewhere between two to four hours on their computers on daily basis.Large portion of respondents or 36 of them or 36% of total sample audience answered that they spend more than four hours in front of their computers on daily basis. Response to question 4. When answer this qu estion three respondents or 3% of respondents claimed that they use Internet only for personal purposes five of them or 5% of respondents answered that they use Internet for business and educational purposes. Majority of respondents 92 of them or 92% of respondents say that they use Internet for both personal and business/education purposes.Response to question 5. On this nine-fold choice question 38 respondents or 38 % of respondents answered that online banking is one of the things they use Internet for 40 respondents or 40% of respondents answered that they use Internet for online shopping. Almost all of them or 98 or more on the dot 98% of respondents use Internet for research and information gathering. E-mailing is another thing for which 98 people from the survey or 98% of respondents uses Internet for 65 respondents or 65% of sample audience claim that they use Internet for work.This question also had the option other providing the respondents with the possibility to write down additional things that they use the Internet for, which were not available among the offered options. Response to question 6. This was also a multiple choice question on which 95 people or 95% of respondents answered that they had problems with viruses on the same question 53 people or 53% of respondents answered that they had problems with spyware. Only 20 people or 20% of respondents answered that they had problems with hackers. Response to question 7.This open-ended question offered a possibility for the respondents to name any of the cybercrime types they know or heard of. Some of the examples they named were spam, identity theft, hacking, data theft, piracy, financial fraud, child pornography, credit card frauds etc. Some people, not few of them, listed trojan horse as cybercrime which is just a type of virus. Response to question 8. The data gathered shows that only 33 respondents or 33% of the sample feels protected enough against cybercrime. Majority of the respondents, 67 or 67% dont feel protected enough against cybercrime.Response to question 9. Majority of respondents 83 of them or 83% of total sample respondents answered that they use some kind of a program to protect them while they stag the Internet. Much smaller number or only 17 of them or 17% of total sample respondents dont use any program to protect their Internet browsing and thus are exposed to cybercrime. Response to question 10. The data gathered shows that 66 respondents or 66% of the sample stated that they have experienced a virus that either damaged their computers components or data stored on it.On the other hand 34 people or 34% of the sample audience claims that they never experienced situation such as that. Response to question 11. Only six people or 6% of the sample responded positively on this question and answered that they have been victim of some signifier of identity theft. Majority of people 94 of them or 94% of the sample have never been victims of identity theft. Response to question 12. Data gathered shows that 50 respondents or 50% of the sample said that they know someone who has been a victim of identity theft. Same number of respondents answered that they didnt know anyone who has been a victim of identity theft.Response to question 13. A vast majority of respondents 94 of them or 94% of the sample audience responded positively and said that they have downloaded materials from Internet without paying for it. Only small portion of six people or 6% of respondents said that they have never downloaded any material from the Internet without paying for it. Response to question 14. In this question 31 people or 31% of respondents said that they have felt hacked at some point in time 69 people or 69% of respondents said that they have never felt hacked before.Response to question 15. Only 16 people or 16% of respondents answered that they have sent spam mail at some point in time. Majority of respondents 84 of them or 84% of respondents answer ed that they have never sent any spam mail. Response to question 16. On this question 12 people or 12% of all respondents answered positively and admitted of stealing someone elses work. Majority of respondents 88 of them or 88% of respondents said that they have never stolen someone elses work. DiscussionThe goal behind the research was to test the hypothesis that most of the people, although they spend a great deal of time on their computers, are not aware of the dangers of cybercrime which often makes them victims and offenders as well when they download material. Research was conducted on sample group consisting of students, faculty and staff members at ACMT. Data gathered through survey administration confirmed the thesis establish on lit review, that public is not aware of all the dangers that cybercrime poses and the general lack of effort in dealing with it.Research conducted proved that in academician settings people are bound to spend more and more time on the Internet, o ften insensible of the dangers. Majority of respondents, while using the Internet for either personal or business needs, have at some point in time, encountered viruses or spyware that attacked their computer and put their data at risk. Whether they know any specific details of those cybercrimes or not, the survey did not test, rather it tested only if the sample audience is familiar with any cybercrime type. They could have experienced some of those cybercrimes on their own skin or just hear about them somewhere.To test their specific knowledge on each cybercrime subgroup more time was need and possibly another primary research type such as and in depth consultation which could give more data but would also take much more time to answer, which was not possible with current time constraints. Even though one could doubt the depth of their knowledge of cybercrime issues, based on the survey results analysis, they obviously are aware of the fact that is stressed throughout profession al literature reviewed for the purposes of this project, the fact that there is no program r measure that could completely protect against all types of cybercrime. Only thing that might protect us is raising awareness about cybercrime and the ways it works and the prevention strategies. To inform people about scams cybercriminals use, to help companies defend their data and accounts from intrusions, whether they are from an outside or an inner source. As it was previously mentioned one way to help protect your data and Internet browsing are antivirus and antispyware programs. Those programs detect intrusions in the system and block or delete them and report back to the user.As research showed many individuals and companies use not only those programs but also seek additional ways of protection in form of firewalls etc. Firewalls in big companies are commonly built by IT experts who design the whole systems for companies trying to make the system unbreakable for all kind of intrusio ns, since today everything is stored on company servers. This is additionally confirmed by survey results even though more than 50% of respondents claimed to have antivirus protection their computer was attacked by viruses that corrupted their data.Like mentioned before cybercrime has far worse aspects to it than just viruses and spyware. Some types of cybercrime such as identity theft can completely ruin lives of individuals and all around them. People can get completely ruined by it. Someone else passing as you is always terrible, let alone when that person has all of your personal information from social security number to access to all of your bank accounts etc. Luckily survey results showed that it is a rare occurrence in the academic settings in this part of the world, but one should be aware of the problems faced by people elsewhere.Increasing number of people is getting targeted by cybercriminals who are trying to steal their identities for their financial gain. Still, in a nalyzing survey results, it is quite important to stress possible factors that might influence the response rates, e. g. without knowing the extent of their knowledge on what identity theft is, there are two possible ways to interpret the low number of optimistic answers. On the one hand, it might be interpreted by the lack of knowledge of all the subcategories concerned, on the other it might simply be the fact that the target audience has not encountered with identity theft.As stated in the research many people today tend to use internet to download data without paying for it. Research shows that industries such as movie or music industry are losing millions of dollars because of illegal downloads of their products from torrents which do not pay royalties to authors for usage of their material (Pichevin, 2010). Vast majority of respondents to the survey said that they tend to download material from the internet without paying for it. Like in every question so in this one there is a margin for error.Respondents might have thought that this question relates to any material they download from the internet so that fact might influenced on such majority of approbatory answers. On the other hand this is Croatia where laws against piracy exist, but implementation of such is difficult so people feel free to download material from the internet without being afraid of any legal action or consequence (Ministry of Economy, Labor and entrepreneurship, 2009). Another subtype of cybercrime in which cybercriminals get into is intellectual property theft. From companies coping brands to individuals taking credit for something that is not their own work.As stated in research intellectual property theft has cost companies around the world around $1 trillion in 2008 a number that is growing with each coming year. Research showed that very small percentage of the sample audience admits committing identity theft. That fact might be due to some irrational fear of being made, whi ch is absurd since it is an anonymous survey with no names. Also they might have misunderstood the question, or are not sure in what exactly falls under the category of intellectual property. Academic dishonesty, which is monitored and punished, is another view of intellectual property that ACMT has.Maybe the procedure implemented in academic honesty policy on ACMT influenced the answers given by the survey population. Examining the results of the online survey showed that the respondents, ACMT students and staff, are, to some extent, aware of the dangers of cybercrime. Although the sample audience that responded to the survey might not all be IT experts, although some might, or legal advisors for that matter they have showed an understanding of cybercrime. The background of their knowledge is unvalued and untested, but nonetheless its there.Whether it is due to their high education or self education on the matter through the internet they have shown they know a thing or two about cybercrime. Although they show some knowledge about cybercrime it is superficial and that they do not completely comprehend the dangers and some of them as research showed think they are untouchable by cybercrime. Research states that general public needs to be more educated on the matter to create awareness and thus increase the level of protection. Education is especially important in business/educational surroundings.