Ethics And Social Responsibilities Violations - 941 Words

CORPORATE RESPONSIBILITY 6 Apple assured the families there would be a regularly follow-up to ensure the suppliers were honoring the company’s commitment to keep the children in their school of choice and uphold their financial obligations (Supplier Responsibility at Apple, 2013). The Impact of the Publication of Ethics and Social Responsibilities Violations on Apple’s R eputation Apple’s reputatio n has been tainted due to the publication of ethics and social responsibilities violations. It is remarkable how Apple could rise from the wreckage of being a crumbling company in 1997 to an impressive market of over 500 billion dollars within 15 years (Sethi, 2012). Apple has been considered to be one of the world ’s most valuable and highly profitable organizations (Sethi, 2012). In an article of the Carnegie Council, 2012 Apple is known as a company that treats its workers in the Chinese factories badly which violates both local and national laws (Padilla, 2013). Apple had illegally millions of dollars of unpaid overtime wages, over 100 hours of monthly mandatory overtime and 11 hours of standing work every day with no breaks (Padilla, 2013). There were reports describing how employees who tried to kill themselves due to of the level of stress the company put upon them (Sethi, 2012). Other reports state the horrible living conditions, below-standard wages, involuntary labor and dangerous chemicals associated with the air filter systems (Sethi, 2012). Apple is noShow MoreRelatedSocial Responsibility And Ethics Of An Organization Essay1265 Words   |  6 PagesSocial Responsibility and Ethics Social responsibility and ethics are a part of the rules and regulations that an organization must comply with in order to meet the moral standards. It is best to observe the standards of ethic and social responsibility in any type of management. An organization normally has policies already put in place that both the employee and proprietor has to follow. 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Introduction The correlation of increased potential patient rights violations and sensitive personal health data among electronic medical records than paper records is growing at an alarming rate. An estimated 52,000 public comments was reviewed by the Department of Health and Human Services requiring privacy regulations governing individually identifiable health information since the passage of Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1966 (HIPPA). The individually identifiableRead MoreEthical Challenges Faced By Ibm1010 Words   |  5 PagesA technological company can be faced with various kinds of moral challenges. Usually all companies have the responsibility to provide services on behalf of other companies or clients. It may be reasonable that any unethical decision or approaches made by a company is being represented by some other firms. In the case of IBM, the IBM Company is best known for developing computer systems, hardware, software, and infrastructure. Founded in 1911, the company remains well known as one of the most popularRead MoreGroup Principles And Standards Of Conduct1583 Words   |  7 Pagesmake decisions such as pay and bonuses. The work of the Employee can end anytime without cause by Bulsho Group or the Employee. Code of Ethics and Company Principles Bulsho Group expects all of its employee’s carry-out their tasks in an ethical and sincere manner at all times. Bulsho Group prohibits its employees from violating its Standard of Ethics as detailed in this section. Bulsho Group expects its employees to practice appropriate level of loyalty and not engage in actions in competition

Kurt Vonnegut First Generation German American Parents

Grogan 1 Faith Grogan Mrs. L. V. Mason Advanced Placement English 12 April 1, 2017 Rough Draft Kurt Vonnegut was born in Indianapolis, Indiana on November 11, 1922. His parents, Edith and Kurt Sr. were third-generation German-American parents. Vonnegut was raised without any knowledge of the German Language. Edith the daughter of Albert Lieber, a millionaire and Indianapolis brewer while Kurt Sr. an architect. The only profound name on Kurt Sr, side was his great-grandfather Clemens Vonnegut, founder of Vonnegut s Hardware Store. Kurt Vonnegut graduated from Shortridge High School, after which he then entered Cornell University, in Ithaca, New York to study biochemistry. A year after the bombing of Pearl Harbor, he enlisted in the†¦show more content†¦PTSD Supporting- PTSD is a commonly known anxiety disorder that develops in the brain after exposure to a terrifying event or ordeal in which grave physical harm or threat resulted. Vonnegut used his books as a coping mechanism for himself. In his seventh novel, Slaughterhouse-Five, is the story of about the protagonist Billy Pilgrim, a decidedly non-heroic man who has become unstuck in time. He travels back and forth in time, visiting all the moments in between repeatedly his birth and death, out of order. The book’s success rose from its ability to offer a little something to everyone. The book was hailed to be one of the most accessible counter cultural event in a very confusing year. The novel is framed by Chapters One and Ten, in which Vonnegut himself talks about the difficulties of writing the novel and the effects of Dresden on his own life. In between, Billy Pilgrim s life is given to us out of order and in small fragments. Common signs of PTSD are reliving the event through upsetting thoughts, flashbacks, or having very strong mental and physical reactions if something reminds the person of the event. Feeling that one can never relax and must be on guard all the time to protect oneself, trouble sleeping, feeling irritable, overreacting when startled, angry outbursts or trouble concentrating. Similarities in his books Supporting- In Kurt VonnegutShow MoreRelated Biography of Kurt Vonnegut2381 Words   |  10 PagesKurt Vonnegut Jr. was born to third-generation German American parents in the city of Indianapolis, year 1922, November 11th. While at Shortridge High School in Indianapolis, Vonnegut was heavily involved with the school’s daily newspaper, the first and only daily high school newspaper in our nation. During his time at Cornell University, Vonnegut became the school paper’s senior editor. World War II then began, and so Vonnegut joined our nation’s armed forces. Mother’s Day came in 1944, and duringRead More Brief Biography of John Steinbeck Essay3594 Words   |  15 Pageson February 27, 1902, and lived there for the first sixteen years of his life until he graduated from Salinas High School in 1918. He took classes at Stanford, but spent more of his college years working to pay tuition than then he spent in the classroom. 1924 brou ght his first publication, two short stories in the Standford Spectator, but in 1925 he left his schooling and went to New York for a time. By 1926, he was back in California and his first book, Cup of Gold, was published the year the ofRead MorePostmodernism in Literature5514 Words   |  23 Pageselements including subjects and genres not previously deemed fit for literature. A list of postmodern authors often varies; the following are some names of authors often so classified, most of them belonging to the generation born in the interwar period: William Burroughs (1914-1997) Kurt Vonnegut (1922-2007), John Barth (b. 1930), Donald Barthelme (1931-1989), E. L. Doctorow (b. 1931), Robert Coover (1932), Jerzy Kosinski (1933-1991) Don DeLillo (b. 1936), Thomas Pynchon (b. 1937), Ishmael Reed (1938)

Reflective Learning in Professional Technology †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Reflective Learning in Professional Technology. Answer: Introduction: At the time of pursuing my graduation degree, I had to consider my area of interest. Since information technology and computer is my area of interest as well as area of expertise, hence the adoption of information technology as a career option was a right decision for me. ICT is the bass of all things and ICT skills are necessary for improving the creativity and reasoning power within an individual. The ICT and the computing sector are changing radically and all the companies both private as well as the public sector are recruiting graduates with effective ICT knowledge. Hence, considering the future prospective and future career growth I found that it is advisable and profitable to take ICT as a career option (Arnold and Boggs, 2011). PIIT was a reliable option for me because the college offered diverse ICT courses on computer engineering, electronics engineering, Information technology, automobile engineering and mechanical engineering. Although I focused earlier more on choosing core-engineering subjects as my field of study, however PIIT helped me by offering me other options as well. The university professors suggested me to opt for professional issues in ICT. My choice of opting for the subject Professional issues in ICT helped me to gain knowledge about the professionalism that makes an ICT person successful. Moreover, this course helped me to understand the importance of law and ethics in the context of the ICT professions. This unit helped me to link technical aspects of my degree along with the interpersonal skills required in a job market. Hence, I can conclude by confirming that after opting for this degree I have been able to recognize the importance of interpersonal skills that will help me in being a successful professional in future. Positive workplace behaviors contribute to the development of congenial working environment for the ICT professionals. For an ICT professional it is important to maintain a gender-neutral organizational culture. Moreover, for an ICT professional it is important to have diverse working skills. The ever changing organizational scenarios requires the ICT professionals to possess skills like project management, problem solving, technical, coding and programming and business management skills.For a sound team performance I contributed in the following manner Making contribution of new ideas Listening to the team members views and respecting their opinions Offering and accepting constructive criticisms in order to develop the workplace behavior and to integrate a cohesive group work Act as a leader as well as a group member contributing in both ways Avoiding any discrimination on the grounds of gender, religion or ethics However, for making the group work more productive I feel it was necessary to know the group culture and try to reduce the gaps between the diversities that exist in terms of ethnicity, age, gender and cultural backgrounds. Moreover, I feel to make the group work easier it is essential that all members within the group are comfortable and friendly with each other. By reducing the communication gaps and creating a comfortable and friendly environment, I can contribute t the overall development of my teammates (Leung, 2011). The roles of ICT professionals may vary in different organizations. The roles generally vary from managerial roles to technical roles. Some of the important roles that the ICT professionals are required to maintain are the role of a team leader, project manager, technical assistant and the role of a team worker. These are some of the important roles, which help in completion of projects successfully (Leung, 2011). Apart from these roles, the management of customer queries in respect of ICT tools is also an important role that the ICT professionals execute. In this regard, the ICT professional needs to support customer relationship management. In some of the organization ICT professionals are also required to issue loan, IT equipment and consumables to the customers and also keep a record of the stock levels for the It products. The ICT professionals with the technical knowledge also focus on improving the websites and user guides of the IT tools in an organization. The diversity within the roles of ICT in the industry will help me to develop my career growth form a fresher to a higher position within the industry. With the development of my professional skills indifferent areas like technical, good communication and teamwork skills, management skills and problem solving ability will help me in future to make a secured job within any organization and help me to work effectively within a group. Small tech business deals in the software development in communication industry, which handles projects in Australia and overseas, namely US, Europe, Africa and South America. The company uses the ICT applications to benefit people and business. However, the company faced challenges in credibility of the information, financial support in ICT tools, and availability of appropriate resources, growth rate and change of directorship. However, from this issue I have been able to analyze the fact that the change in ICT tools with the change in the organizational cultures and organizational growth is important for a company to avoid challenges and survive successfully. Moreover, the issue has taught me to be open-minded and has taught me the lesson that every aspect of the organizational problem will not be solved. Moreover, the discussion within the issue helped me to understand the use of Golden circle. The Golden circle suggests that the professionals within the organization should have the answers to three basic questions namely what they do, how they do and why they do (Leung, 2011). Hence, as an ICT professional the understanding of the basic norms within the organization will help me to be a productive employee of the organization. However, the success of the organization can be ascertained by the increased reputation, maturity and financial security of the organization. The issues and the adoption of the different techniques will help me in generating professional skills as a successful ICT professional. The use of mobile devices in workforce has helped the organizations in improving the customer service; maintain an easy access of the historical records, guarantees that activities are performed on schedule and eliminate any problems in respect of data entry and data storage. This presentation has helped me to realize the importance and benefits of the ICT tools by displaying the benefits of the mobile devices. Use of paper-based systems before the invention of the technology gave rise to various problems namely high possibility of human error, double entry of data, non-maintenance of standard answers, project-scheduling issues, limited reporting and high labor-intensive procedures. Hence, this lecture was effective in creation of awareness of the benefits of ICT tools within the organizations. I was personally able to recognize the features like barcode scanners, telephone functions, wireless internet browsing, came, speech to text capabilities and mobile printing will help the orga nizations and the professionals to make the work easier and productive (Arnold and Boggs, 2011). The displaying of the benefits of Mobile devices in the workplace also helped the audience to acquire practical knowledge and experience form the lecture. Moreover, the lecture provoked the audience to avail the use of the ICT technologies effectively in order to reduce human labor. The lecture focused on the young ICT professionals and helped them to take ICT tools like mobile device as an important and supportive tool for the effective management f the organizational services. The lecture also focused on the digital computerized field service management system so that the young ICT professionals would be well knowledge about the ICT technology process. This lecture deals with the assessment of the professional issues in the stakeholder engagement for five different companies namely the National domestic Airline, Oracle, government departments, government portal and online supermarket shopping companies. The lecture focuses on the stakeholder engagement strategy of each company separately. From the discussion on the stakeholder engagement strategy of National domestic airline, I can conclude that to make an effective stakeholder engagement the company adopts the involvement of the all team members. Again, stakeholder engagement in Oracle is done with the development of appropriate communication skills. The lecture helps me to realize the value of listening skills in respect of improving the stakeholder engagement. The government department of Australia and New Zealand uses the stakeholder mapping as a process of identifying the people or organizations that may have an important impact on the project. However, my.gov.au adopts a diff erent aspect of stakeholder engagement. The stakeholder engagement system can make the organization beneficial in respect of meeting the required objectives. It can also enable the stakeholders to communicate keeping in mind the cultural sensibilities and interactions. The online shopping companies focus on the use of the software and IT applications on the stakeholder engagement. This lecture has helped me to understand the usefulness of IT in delivering and acquiring systems. The online shopping companies are focused on using the ICT tools for the management of the customer reviews and referrals so that their product can be serviced effectively. ICT in a developing country This lecture focuses on the use of ICT in developing countries. The focus of this lecture is on the use of ICT tools by the NGO named World Vision. The lecture at the beginning gives details about the NGO, which is a Faith based Organization operating in 97 countries with around 44,000 employees and a global income ranging of around 2.6 billion USD. The NGO woks for activities like providing relief, development of underprivileged communities, advocacy of social issues and work against trafficking issues From the lecture, I have been able to get an insight on the implications of global ICT on the activities of the NGO. The NGO has developed a global network with a connectivity of 6 Gb bandwidth however the company has no private global network. From the lecture, it is clear to the audience that the ICT tool helps the NGOs to develop education, communication and business opportunity (Arnold and Boggs, 2011). The lecture shows that ICT is an essential and significant part of the infrastructure of the companies in a developing economy. Many developing countries are focusing on new economy and supporting global demand for ICT. Thus, the lecture has made me realize that it is important to develop effective ICT skills so that I can work as a successful ICT professional in the developing as well as developed countries. The extensive use of ICT tools in companies like NGOs shows that ICT has a positive impact of the growth and productivity of the organizations. References Arnold, E. and Boggs, K. (2011).Interpersonal relationships. St. Louis, Mo.: Elsevier/Saunders. Leung, H. (2011).Advances in web-based learning-- ICWL 2011. Berlin: Springer.

Enterprise Resource Planning Analysis

Question: Discuss about the business operations and the marketing policies of Club Coffee. Answer: Introduction Purpose and Authorization The following assignment evaluates the business operational and the marketing policies of Club Coffee, a cafe set up to provide exclusive food and beverage services to the consumers. The brand is a new venture opportunity that has enormous business potential. Therefore, it is extremely necessary to forecast the performance of the business entity by preparing a feasibility report. The feasibility report shall cover the operational and the financial policies that would assist the brand to achieve business sustainability in the domestic market Scope Club Cafe has to e explore newer business segments apart from the existing set of customers .In addition, the brand has to create a distinctive brand by offering superior customer service at a reasonable rate. Monk and Wagner (2012) mentioned that being a start up business entity the business entity has to be promoted well to create consumer awareness about the brand. Thus, aggressive promotional policies have to be used to develop a positive perception among the consumers in Australia. In this regard, Leon (2014) noted that the marketing mix of the brand has to be implemented after considering the factors like consumer demand, the existing trends in the food and beverage Industry and the business potential of the brand. To match the international standards in the food and the beverage industry the workforce is trained to maximize the level of consumer satisfaction and awareness. Besides this, customer feedback shall be collected to assess the existing marketing strategies of the brand and make alterations as per the needs of the consumers Limitations The following are the limitations of the research study There was a lack of adequate time to conduct an in-depth research study. This was a major deterrent to evaluate the commercial viability of the brand. Lack of financial resources is a major limitation to the assignment. No proper analysis was done on substitute brands to get detailed information on the financial, operational as well as the marketing strategies adopted by the brand. Feasibility study Operational Feasibility According to Kermani and Rouhani (2014), the cafe business in Australia has expanded at a constant rate, thereby, having a sustainable market rate. As such, it can be said that the Club Coffee shall have a sustainable market potential if daily business functionalities are executed in an appropriate manner. As such, it can be said that the business operational policies have to be conducted when aligned with the long-term goals and objectives of the organization. Hoch and Dulebohn (2013) mentioned that the Club Coffee should offer a range of food and beverage services to the consumers. Australia being a multi-cultural country, the brand has to offer services as per the nature and choices of a large number of consumers. As such, it can be said that Club Coffee shall offer a range of services to a large number of consumes coming from different sections of the society. Shaul and Tauber (2013) mentioned that the brand would develop a customized website, which would enable consumers to order goods from the convenience of their homes. Therefore, this would assist the brand to have a larger inflow of sales revenue. In addition, it can be said that the customized portal would increase the visibility of the brand. Porters Five Forces Analysis The following is the detailed analysis of the Porters five forces, which would help to analyze the external environment of the firm. Supplier Power - It is necessary that the supplier power have to be adequately analyzed in understanding the existing state of the plant in the market. According to Shaul and Tauber (2013), in the food and beverage industry proper bargaining should be made with the brands to come to a beneficial deal for the organization. Apart from this, a proper relationship has to be made with the suppliers of the organization to ensure constant flow of materials to enhance the productivity of the brand. Buyer Power - According to Kim et al (2013), the buyer power shall largely determine the sales flow of revenue towards a business enterprise. The buyer power of the customers shall also determine the economic condition of a place. Thus, the external market environment of a business enterprise would be largely dependent on the purchasing capacity and power of the buyers. Competitive Rivalry - There a lot of similar brands available, in the market, that shall pose a competitive threat to the business sustainability of the brand. According to Tsai et al. (2012), the brand has to ensure that to survive in a perfectly competitive market, the brand has to establish distinctive marketing and operational polices to ensure tough competition in a perfectly competitive market. The visibility of the brand has to be increased to attract prospective consumers towards the brand. Threat of Substitution - The threat of substitute brands operating in the same product and service line can create obstacles to the growth of the brand. Thus, Club Coffee has to ensure that the brands sustain consumer loyalty irrespective of the market competition . New Entry- There is a threat of new entry of business enterprise entering the market that can pose a significant threat to the business sustainability. According to Shao et al. (2012), the new entrants in the market operate a penetrating price strategy , which can shift consumer loyalty to other cafes offering similar products . Team Management The management shall play a crucial role for the growth and development of the cafe. Thus, the financial, operational as well as the marketing decisions shall be taken as per the pr-determined long-term goals and the objectives of the business enterprise. As such, De Toni et al. (2015), it is necessary that the financial s strength of the organization be evaluated when taking any business decision. Besides this, essential partnerships can also be formed with other reputed business enterprises to strengthen the inherent resource of the brand. According to Tasevska et al. (2014), the management of the organization along with the core functional group of the organization shall bear the responsibility of establishing the vision and the mission of the organization. This would assist the business to align its operational activities with the long-term vision and the goals of the organization. The following is a list of weaknesses and strengths of the organization that can be used to assess the performance of the organization. Bansal and Agarwal (2015) mentioned that the management of the organization should be of assistance for the development of entrepreneurial as well as the functional skills of the business organization. These skills of the organization are stated below: Entrepreneurial Skills Functional Skills Strengths Weaknesses Strengths Weaknesses Strictly adhering to the long term goals and objectives of the organization Determination Enthusiasm Action Oriented Self-sufficiency Resistance to changes Financial Skills Customer service skills Dealing with crisis Financial Feasibility The firm will incur considerable costs in the initial stages. Jenatabadi et al. (2013) mentioned that to ensure smooth operations of the business enterprise, the brand has to develop the necessary structures as well as recruit the necessary workforce. It is expected that the initial budget of the organization shall be $ 7030. In addition, the brand can apply for loans from the government and other private financial institutions. The initial budget of the organization shall be able to consist of various operational and financial operations to ensure the consistent business operations over a period of time. According to Olson and Staley (2012), the National Bank of Australia shall provide loans to start-ups and small-scale business enterprises. Thus, the financing needs of the business organization would be met through external financing. Classification of Initial start up costs Type of Cost Price of Cost Domain Name Cost (clubcoffee.com.au) (See appendix 7 for a comparison of prices) $68.00 Computer (See appendix 9 for comparison of Apple Mac Computers) $2000.00 Fax and Printer (See appendix 10 for printer options) $380.00 Software and Hardware Cost (See appendix 11 for detail of software needed) $2620.00 Internet Costs $1142.00 Utensils Cost (See appendix 12 for details of start up pack) $790.00 Registering Business ownership and name through the Australian Securities and Investments Commission (ASIC) $30.00 Recommendations The following are the recommendations that can be made to assist Club Coffee to attain a favorable position Implement training schemes - Club Coffee can implement training schemes to enhance the services offered by the staff. In this regard, it can be said that effective training schemes would assist the business enterprise to reach a favorable position and adapt accordingly to the market conditions. Gather consumer feedback - The consumer feedbacks shall be considered seriously in making essential changes to the marketing policies of Club Coffee. The consumer issues shall be dealt sensitively in retaining the existing market goodwill and reputation of the brand. The consumer feedback would be a guide to the business entity to frame its policies in a appropriate manner. Online marketing policies Special emphasis must be placed on online policies of the business enterprise. The customized portal created shall display a wide range of products and services to the business entity. The online social media policies created would assist the business enterprise to create informal relationship with customers. This will also assist the customers to post their reviews and feedbacks on the social media pages. Pricing policies - Establishing effective policies would assist Club Coffee to enter the market of Australia. The penetrating pricing strategy would be effective in attracting prospective customers towards the brand. Furthermore, offering good hospitality services at a reasonable rate would develop a positive consumer perception. Substitute products- Club Coffee has to carefully observe the presence of substitute brands. This would assist the business enterprise to make necessary changes to the operational and the marketing policies. As such, creating a competitive edge over the substitute brands would enable the entity to achieve a larger market share in the domestic market. Target segment of consumers - Club Coffee has to successfully develop the target segment of consumers and has created marketing and operating policies. It is expected that the youth is its primary segment of consumers. Thus, discounted rates can be offered to consumers who have been loyal to the brand over a period. Conclusion It can be stated that Club Coffee has suitable market opportunities to assist the business organization in its growth. As such, the feasibility report shall cover the organizational growth prospects as well as the marketing prospects of the brand. The financial report relates to the start up costs of the brand. Thus, the brand shall have necessary financial as well as non-financial resources to assist the organization in its growth. The substitute brands in the market shall pose a threat to the business sustainability of the brand in the market. References Bansal, V. and Agarwal, A., 2015. Enterprise resource planning: identifying relationships among critical success factors. Business Process Management Journal, 21(6), pp.1337-1352. De Toni, A.F., Fornasier, A. and Nonino, F., 2015. The impact of implementation process on the perception of enterprise resource planning success. Business Process Management Journal, 21(2), pp.332-352. Hoch, J.E. and Dulebohn, J.H., 2013. Shared leadership in enterprise resource planning and human resource management system implementation. Human Resource Management Review, 23(1), pp.114-125. Jenatabadi, H.S., Huang, H., Ismail, N.A. and Satar, N.B.M., 2013. Impact of supply chain management on the relationship between enterprise resource planning system and organizational performance. International Journal of Business and Management, 8(19), p.107. Kermani, S.E. and Rouhani, S., 2014. Review of Readiness to the Implementation of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) in Mazandaran Wood and Paper Industries. Iranian Journal of Business and Economics, 1. Kibler, E., Kautonen, T. and Fink, M., 2014. Regional social legitimacy of entrepreneurship: Implications for entrepreneurial intention and start-up behaviour. Regional Studies, 48(6), pp.995-1015. Kim, J., Nicolaou, A.I. and Vasarhelyi, M.A., 2013. The Impact of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) Systems on the Audit Report Lag. Journal of Emerging Technologies in Accounting, 10(1), pp.63-88. Leon, A., 2014. Enterprise resource planning. McGraw-Hill Education. Monk, E. and Wagner, B., 2012. Concepts in enterprise resource planning. Cengage Learning. Olson, D.L. and Staley, J., 2012. Case study of open-source enterprise resource planning implementation in a small business. Enterprise Information Systems, 6(1), pp.79-94. Rao, N.V.M., Singh, P. and Maheshwari, M.N., 2015. A framework for evaluating e-business models and productivity analysis for banking sector in India. The Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce, 2005. Shao, Z., Feng, Y. and Liu, L., 2012. The mediating effect of organizational culture and knowledge sharing on transformational leadership and Enterprise Resource Planning systems success: An empirical study in China. Computers in Human Behavior, 28(6), pp.2400-2413. Shaul, L. and Tauber, D., 2013. Critical success factors in enterprise resource planning systems: Review of the last decade. ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR), 45(4), p.55. Tasevska, F., Damij, T. and Damij, N., 2014. Project planning practices based on enterprise resource planning systems in small and medium enterprisesA case study from the Republic of Macedonia. International journal of project management, 32(3), pp.529-539. Trimi, S. and Berbegal-Mirabent, J., 2012. Business model innovation in entrepreneurship. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal,8(4), pp.449-465. Tsai, W.H., Lee, P.L., Shen, Y.S. and Lin, H.L., 2012. A comprehensive study of the relationship between enterprise resource planning selection criteria and enterprise resource planning system success. Information Management, 49(1), pp.36-46.

A Case of Multiple Personality free essay sample

Multiple Personality disorder, commonly known today as Dissacoiative identity disorder. Often consisting of two or more personalities within one person. It is not related in any way to Schizophrenia, where a person might experience hallucinations. The purpose of this review is to analyse the journal article, ‘ A Case of Multiple Personality’ written by Thigpen and Cleckley (1954). Also known for writing the book ‘The Three Faces of Eve’ in which later became a very successful film, both earned them, vast amounts of money. The article leads to a varied and interesting case study of ‘Eve White’ real name (Christine Sizemore ) who was diagnosed and treated by the author and psychologist ‘Thigpen,’ and who later identified her three personalities. Eve experienced emotional problems from quite an early age. She was physically punished when she misbehaved and witnessed childhood trauma’s. These included horrendous accidents that occurred before the age of three. One incident involved her mother badly cutting her arm. We will write a custom essay sample on A Case of Multiple Personality or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This was thought to be the trigger point of her illness, and the development of her personalities. Later in life she suffered personal frustrations and marital conflicts. She sort medical advice because she was experiencing headaches and at times suffered from amnesia. When diagnosed by Thigpen, Eve’s personalities would change under hypnosis from Eve White, a shy, withdrawn character, in contrast to Eve Black a relaxed and confident person with no inhibitions, and more erotic tendencies . later came the discovery of Jane who seem to hover around the two personalities. Jane seemed to appear when under hypnosis with Eve black, when apparently faced with a difficult question about Eve White. The Psychometric and projective testing, was a mixture of interviews, patient and family observation, hypnosis, EEG tests, memory tests, ink blot tests and intelligence tests. The procedure, showed some support for Thigpen’s case study, such as the EEG tracing, showed signs of one of her character’s ‘Eve black’ as between border line normal and slightly fast. This sometimes can indicate a psychopathic personality (Manter 1953) However her other two personalities tracings, appeared to be completely normal. The use of family members for circumstantial evidence and interviews, also helped supply reliable data to support the case study. However, some psychologists and psychiatrists have showed concerns that MPD might be diagnosed too often, and could be influenced by suggestion and expectation, to achieve a diagnosis. It was suggested that Thigpen might have had expectations of a third personality, and under suggestion ‘Jane’ was created. The question of the reliability of the hypnosis used on Eve could indeed be problematic if this was the case. Ross Norton and Wezney ( 1989 ) indicated that, some people readily make things up during hypnosis and have difficulties distinguishing between hypnotic confabulations and real names. Or taking another view, it could be a case of sheer manipulation, for example, Eve could of developed the personalities to seek attention from the therapist or held a fascination for him. However lets not assume that Thigpen,s diagnosis is wrong, Eve could have unconsciously, created these personalities to hide herself from the pain. The incidence of past childhood trauma in its extremity could itself cause a child to dissociate oneself from pain, she found to extreme to cope with . The creation of these different identities was surely some sort of escapism, that seems to be a self protecting natural occurrence. Thigpen was the person to correctly diagnose Eve, with Multiple personality disorder. However he did not cure her, and hardly asked nothing of Eve, for example, ‘if she thought she was cured. ’To Eve her distress was still apparent and she was still experiencing episodes of MPD. She went on to experience further personalities, a total of twenty two altogether. Over years of continued therapy, Eve eventually sort help with a Dr Tony Tsitos (1970). Tsitos, chose not to prompt Eve for her personalities under hypnosis. In contrast, Thigpen readily used hypnosis on Eve, Tsitos feared he use of suggestion might reinforce her different personalities. Each time a personality appeared, Tsitos ignored it and encouraged Eve to take responsibility for her personalities. It is said that this treatment eventually cured her. Another interesting case study of MPD, was a art student named ‘Sybil’ real name ( Shirley Mason) who experienced sixteen separate personalities. Sybi l it was alleged, had previously experienced, sadistic childhood ‘sexual abuse,’ by the hands of her mother. This had left her with extreme psychological scars. The case study also attracted a high degree of media coverage, in comparison with Eve’s case, the therapist and author also earned them huge amounts of money. In 1998 the case study of Sybil, was reinvestigated by a ’Robert Rieber’ who later listened to some of the tapes recorded in therapy with a Dr Milber, ( Freudian psychoanalyst ). Rieber thought that the psychoanalyst had, had some influence over Sybil and seemed to reinforce her personalities. Sybil also said, that she was encouraged to be one of her personalities, who was ‘Helen’ by the psychiatrist. Sybil said ‘she was not happy about this, has she was more happy being herself. ’(Sybil 1998). In comparison, could Thigpen have been looking for a case of MPD in Eve, and if so was she a prime example of it. For example, how reliable was the hypnosis and Eve’s memory ? can we at times over estimate how own thoughts, and if so could this have a effect on the data evidence, if so how reliable was it. Finally, looking at the study from a ethical point of view, was the case study reliable at all, when ‘Thigpen and Cleckly’ ask us to decide on the outcome of it ?. In conclusion, to critically analyse the role of Thigpen in the diagnosis of Eves ‘multi personality disorder,’ is to determine whether he unconsciously created MPD in Eve. And if so could this have influenced her in anyway, into believing she had the disorder. Eve indeed could have been exploited by the therapists, however, this remains to be seen. Certainly when Eve White was under an hypnotic trance, more personalities appeared. The fact that suggestion could have made an impact on the diagnosis of another personality within Eve. Thigpen hardly looked in to the causes of Eves disorder, in her past history. When Eve was under hypnosis, and prompted with a question, she found hard to deal with, another personality seemed to appear. In fact the clues could have been there all along, without hypnosis. The psychological pain she suffered from childhood, and Eve‘s apparent dissociation from the pain, was her coping mechanism that she had learned to adapt to, in some sort of bizarre way. She hid from the horrendous disturbances, and images from her childhood, like a child that would haunt her into adulthood.

Free Essays on Coming Of Age Experience

The thick feeling of anxiety, stirred together with overwhelming confusion, and finally topped off with a sprinkle of fear all rush to one’s consciousness to test whether or not one is able to withstand the spice of life experienced in adolescence. â€Å"The Coming of Age Experience† is a large melting pot of emotions. Every individual carries â€Å"a pot† in which there are many different and even new emotions involved that come to life when each person reaches a tender age where various changes occur. These ingredients can be physical, spiritual, as well as cognitive, affecting some more than others, yet everyone undergoes certain transformations at some point in their lives. This age is a time where the question of identity often arises among adolescence, and sometimes people are mistaken in what they conclude of themselves; ultimately, the short period of time is valuable in an adolescent life because of the lasting effect it has on a person. â€Å"The Coming of Age Experience† is a very significant period in life because people have to continue to find themselves and explore who they are by experiencing rough circumstances in life, while being subjected to an awakening of a bigger picture of life outside their own small world. Often times in adolescence, an individual will look for the right crowd of people to fit in with which can bring about the search for one’s self to a temporary pause. Internally, people are trying to figure out what kind of group they want to be affiliated with and also if that group will accept them. In my first two years of high school, I often tried to please people by taking on their personalities for fear that they would not accept my own; thus I never had a group of people I consistently settled with because I could only please that certain group of people so much. Finding out who I really was at that time was extremely hard because I had to deal with what people thought about me, as well as s... Free Essays on Coming Of Age Experience Free Essays on Coming Of Age Experience The thick feeling of anxiety, stirred together with overwhelming confusion, and finally topped off with a sprinkle of fear all rush to one’s consciousness to test whether or not one is able to withstand the spice of life experienced in adolescence. â€Å"The Coming of Age Experience† is a large melting pot of emotions. Every individual carries â€Å"a pot† in which there are many different and even new emotions involved that come to life when each person reaches a tender age where various changes occur. These ingredients can be physical, spiritual, as well as cognitive, affecting some more than others, yet everyone undergoes certain transformations at some point in their lives. This age is a time where the question of identity often arises among adolescence, and sometimes people are mistaken in what they conclude of themselves; ultimately, the short period of time is valuable in an adolescent life because of the lasting effect it has on a person. â€Å"The Coming of Age Experience† is a very significant period in life because people have to continue to find themselves and explore who they are by experiencing rough circumstances in life, while being subjected to an awakening of a bigger picture of life outside their own small world. Often times in adolescence, an individual will look for the right crowd of people to fit in with which can bring about the search for one’s self to a temporary pause. Internally, people are trying to figure out what kind of group they want to be affiliated with and also if that group will accept them. In my first two years of high school, I often tried to please people by taking on their personalities for fear that they would not accept my own; thus I never had a group of people I consistently settled with because I could only please that certain group of people so much. Finding out who I really was at that time was extremely hard because I had to deal with what people thought about me, as well as s...

Critical analysis of Yemen's current Military Capabilities Research Paper

Critical analysis of Yemen's current Military Capabilities - Research Paper Example The armed forces personnel’s in the military of Yemen in somewhat very large. In the Arab countries the second largest army force is of Yemen next to Saudia. The military of Yemen is comprised of a military fleet, heavy naval equipments and a strong and well equipped air strength. In the year 2007 the total military capabilities were expected to be: territorial armed forces, 65,000; fleet, 7000-8000; and the air power, 4,000. The Yemen;s military force   include the   Republican Guard force in the army, Naval forces and marines and the air power defense and offence capabilities with the cutting edge equipments and the jet planes who have the capability to defend the country. Economically Yemen is one of the least developed nations amongst the United Arab countries. The employment rate is just 65%1. Even being below poverty line the Yemen’s government invests the largest portion of its GDP in the development of its armed forces. The security costs are really high as they account for the good amount of Yemen’s GDP i.e. 40 to 50 percent. In the year 2002, Yemen spent US$731 million on its military, and this amount has been increasing every year. For instance, the country the military expenditures of 700 million US Dollar were in year 2002 and they have increased to to almost 900 million dollars in the year 2004 2.Yemen entails a total of 11,700 troops divided among the army, air force and the navy; it also consists of total 40,000 reserves3. The  Yemen’s armed forces industry  is the state-run security firm of  Yemen. It is accountable for the production of a broad range of security equipment, such as light efficacy vehicle, medium load trucks, ammunition and the electronics. The overseas military suppliers include China, Russia and North Korea4. Yemen Ground Warfare Proficiency Yemen’s army forms the largest part of its military, it has several sectors. â€Å"The army is systematized into eight protected taskforces, s ixteen infantry taskforces, six automated taskforces, two aerial commando taskforces, one surface-to-surface missile brigade, three weaponry taskforces, one central guard force, one Special Forces team, and six air defense taskforces, which entails four antiaircraft weaponry battalions and one surface-to-air warhead battalion†5. The army is very large and constitutes supportive tangible equipment such as up to eight hundred battle tanks, three hundred multiple rocket launchers. â€Å"Yemen’s army is also stated to be fortified with 140 search systems, 220 confined army combating programmes, 700 shatterproof workers transporters, an estimated 502 grouts, likely 30 armaments and 20 land weaponry, 20 to 30 auto controlled arms, 3-3 shoot up launchers and 540 space protection weapons6. Due to the wide spread of Al-Qaeda, Yemen has taken serious and strict measures in order to avoid any security issues. Since the last few years, US has been funding Yemen military in order t o rectify the problem of Al-Qaeda in Yemen and surrounding areas7. Yemen Army is playing a major role in order to ensure complete security for its country. Yemen has just imported eighty SS-21 systems. The SS-21 is a combat zone projectile planned for tactical operation. It was planned as a substitute for the Free Rocket above Ground (FROG) missile sequences8. It is supposed to be able of being launched in either a ballistic or a cruise missile manner. The

Faith Based Prisons Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Faith Based Prisons - Research Paper Example Faith-based prisons do not take away the thought of being in prison and paying for a wrongdoing. Just like in traditional prisons, inmates participate in all normal day-to-day prison activities but at weekends and evenings, they undergo extra classes that deeply examine issues like spirituality, good parenting, anger management, the effect of crime on victims, moral expectations of a believer among others. There is evidence of people who after going through a faith-based prison, they have totally changed and are now working towards the development of a morally upright society. An example of this is Cooper Ken, a convicted bank robber who is now an evangelical leader (Goddard, 2003). The term faith-based refers to any idea, plan, program or organization that has been established based on religious beliefs. In this case, a faith-based prison is a type of program that seeks to transform offenders through religious teachings on morality and spirituality. There are no distinctive types of faith-based prisons. However, they can be established by a religious organization like a church, an example of this being the Lawtey Correctional Institution program in Raiford, Florida. Alternatively, they can be incorporated into existing traditional prisons as a faith and character program. In this case, those who choose to enroll for the faith and character program are assigned to a different dormitory where they hold meetings with leaders and clergy to discuss issues of spirituality and morality. Faith-based prisons accommodate inmates that have chosen to participate in faith-based rehabilitation programs regardless of their spiritual beliefs.  Faith-based prison is the re-entry program for the prisoner which aims at helping those individuals returning from the prison re-integrate themselves back into the public.

Global Business Cultural Analysis of Switzerland Research Paper

Global Business Cultural Analysis of Switzerland - Research Paper Example Switzerland is primarily a multicultural nation, despite its small size. The nation has four official languages, including German, French, Italian, and Romansch, with German as the most common language used for teaching in schools and reading of newspapers (Levin, 2002). With such a multicultural dimension, Switzerland remains a readily available prime test market for the European nations, used for the introduction of new technology products and services before such products are nationally launched to other global markets. The situation in Switzerland clearly shows that cultural diversity plays a significant role in enhancing global business, considering that the aspect of cultural diversity in Switzerland, establishes it as one of the best business hubs in the global perspective. Major Elements and Dimensions of Culture in SwitzerlandSeveral major elements and dimensions of culture occur in Switzerland, each of which distinguishes people of a particular culture to another based on t heir different preferences on the dimensions. The elements and dimensions of culture in Switzerland; therefore, include communication, Religion, Ethics, Values and Attitudes, Manners, Customs, Social Structures, Organizations. Communication ideally is one of the most important aspects every cultural setting. Being a multi-lingual nation, Switzerland has four major languages German, which takes up approximately 70% of the population’s main communication language, French, Italian, and Romansh.

Brand Perception And Customer Buying Behaviour

Brand Perception And Customer Buying Behaviour In this chapter, concepts, theories and relevant models about branding, brand perception and customer buying behaviour will be discussed in detail. An individual who buys products for personal use and not for manufacture or resale is said to be a consumer. A consumer is someone who can make the decision whether or not to purchase an item at the store, which can be influenced by marketing and advertisements. Each and every consumer is influenced by their own brand perception and buying decisions which depends on various number of factors. 2.2 Branding Brand is the image that consumers have in mind (Aaker, 1991). It is also the unique characteristics that have been developed all the time in order to differentiate actual products from the competitors (Murphy, 1990). In addition, The American Association defines a brand as a name, term, sign, symbol or design, or a combination of them intended to identify the goods or services of one seller or group of sellers and to differentiate them from those of competitors. A brand is thus a product or service that adds dimensions that differentiate it in some way from other products or services designed to satisfy the same need. These differences may be functional, rational, or emotional or intangible related to what the brand represents. Brand concepts must address customer interests and lifestyles. Factors that affect its brand image and brand perception among marketing communication program that implementing to the public to create brand perception, brand characteristic, brand image and bran d equity. De Chernatony and McDonald (1992) define a brand as an identifiable product, service, person or place, augmented in such a way that the buyer or user perceives relevant, unique added values which match their needs most closely. There have been two basic values identified by de Chernatony (1999) that contribute towards the brand premium. One is the functional value such as the price, technology, design and store layout. This functional value is a distinct attribute that a customer adds to the brand and distinguishes the brand from the rest. The second form of added value comes from emotional value. This value is derived from notions like advertising, internal branding, translating the retail brand into consumer taste, and even the shopping experience itself at the retail outlet. 2.3 Brand Perception Perception is how we see ourselves and the world we live in. However, what ends up being stored inside us doesnt always get there in a direct manner. Often our mental makeup results from information that has been consciously or subconsciously filtered as we experience it, a process we refer to as a perceptual filter. To us this is our reality, though it does not mean it is an accurate reflection on what is real. Thus, perception is the way we filter stimuli (e.g., someone talking to us, reading a newspaper story) and then make sense out of it. Perception has several steps. Exposure sensing a stimuli (e.g. seeing an ad) Attention an effort to recognize the nature of a stimuli (e.g. recognizing it is an ad) Awareness assigning meaning to a stimuli (e.g., humorous ad for particular product) Retention adding the meaning to ones internal makeup (i.e., product has fun ads) Brand perception is consumers ability to identify the brand under different conditions, as reflected by their brand recognition or recall performance (Kotler Lane, 2006). Brand recall refers to consumers ability to retrieve the brand from the memory (Keller, 1993). According to the improvement of measurement for brand equity, consumer-based brand equity was described for four dimensions; brand awareness, brand association, perceived quality, and brand loyalty (Pappu, et al, 2005). Brand awareness was defined as the consumers ability to identify or recognize the brand (Rossiter and Percy, 1987). It refers to the strength of a brand presence in consumers minds. Brand awareness has several levels starting from the less recognition of the brand to dominance (Aaker, 1991). Perceived quality was evaluated and decided by consumers. Perceived quality is another valuation of brand to push the customer to buy products. Brand building has been around for centuries as a means to distinguish the goods of one producer from those of another. The earliest signs of branding in Europe were the medieval guilds requirement that craftspeople put trademarks on their products to protect themselves and consumers against inferior quality. In the fine arts, branding began with artists signing their works. Brands today play a number of important roles that improve consumers lives and enhance the financial value of firms (Kotler Lane, 2006). Brand awareness and brand perceived quality as the significant factors to create and maintain brand equity. There are positive relationship among brand awareness, perceive quality and brand equity (Aker, 1996, Buzzell Gate, 1987). The marketing program has effect to improve the perceive quality of brand for different customers. Brand perception is consumers ability to identify the brand under different conditions, as reflected by their brand recognition or recall performance (Kotler Lane, 2006). Brand recall refers to consumers ability to retrieve the brand from the memory (Keller, 1993). According to the improvement of measurement for brand equity, consumer-based brand equity was described for four dimensions; brand awareness, brand association, perceived quality, and brand loyalty (Pappu, et al, 2005). Brand awareness was defined as the consumers ability to identify or recognize the brand (Rossiter and Percy, 1987). It refers to the strength of a brand presence in consumers minds. Brand awareness has several levels starting from the less recognition of the brand to dominance (Aaker, 1991). Perceived quality was evaluated and decided by consumers. Perceived quality is another valuation of brand to push the customer to buy products. Brand building has been around for centuries as a means to distinguish the goods of one producer from those of another. The earliest signs of branding in Europe were the medieval guilds requirement that craftspeople put trademarks on their products to protect themselves and consumers against inferior quality. In the fine arts, branding began with artists signing their works. Brands today play a number of important roles that improve consumers lives and enhance the financial value of firms (Kotler Lane, 2006). Brand awareness and brand perceived quality as the significant factors to create and maintain brand equity. There are positive relationship among brand awareness, perceive quality and brand equity (Aker, 1996, Buzzell Gate,1987). The marketing program has effect to improve the perceive quality of brand for different customers. 2.4 Brand Equity Source: Aaker, 1991 Brand equity is the added value endowed to products and services. Aaker (1991) defined the brand equity as a set of brand assts and liabilities linked to brand that adds or detracts the product or service value based on the customers perspectives. This value may be reflected in how consumers think, feel and act with respect to the brand that consumers had perceive from marketing programs. Brand equity is an important intangible asset that has psychological and financial value to the firm. The value of brand equity depends on the number of same people who buy regularly (Aaker, 1996). The brand loyalty, brand awareness, and brand perceived quality are necessary to maintain the brand equity (Motameni Shahrokhi, 1998). There are two different perspectives of brand equity; financial and customer based. The first perspective evaluates the asset value of a brand name that creates to the business (Farquhar et al, 1991). Brand equity increased the discounted future cash flows and revenue com paring to the same product did not have the brand name (Motameni Shahrkhi, 1998). According to the second perspective, the premise of customer-based brand equity models is that the power of brand lies in what customers have responded, seen, read, heard, learned, thought and felt about the brand over time. In other words, the power of brand lies in the minds of existing or potential customers and what they have experienced directly and indirectly about the brand. The customer-based brand equity finally drives the financial return to the company (Lassar et al, 1995). The valuation of brand has been studied for different approaches, for example, marketing, premium pricing market value, customer factors, replacement cost perspective. According to the valuation based on consumer factors, the measurement of customers preference and attitude can be used to evaluate the brand equity (Aaker, 1991 and Kapferer, 1992). 2.5 Marketing Communication The marketing communication is considered as the strategic activities for brand managers to build and maintain the brand image of targeted customers (Duncan Mulhern, 2004). It is a significant driver of competitive advantage to create the ability of companies to attract, retain, and leverage customers (Kitchen, Joanne, Tao, 2004). Duncan (2002) explained that marketing communication is a process for managing the customer relationship that affects brand value lastly. Marketing communication programs are not only above the line activities such as advertising and sales promotions but also below the line activities such as public relations. Regarding recent concept of marketing communication, two-way communication as well as one way communication is a key determinant of brand strategies to stimulus the brand orientation process (Aaker, 1996 and Urde, 1994). 2.6 Consumer Behaviour Schiffinan and Kanuk (2004) define Consumer Behaviour as the behaviour that customers display in searching for, purchasing, using, evaluating and disposing of products and services that they expect will satisfy their needs. Consumer buying behaviour incorporates the acts of individuals directly involved in obtaining, using and disposing of economic goods and services including the decision process that precede and determine these acts (Huctings 1995). Lamb, Hair and McDartiel (1992) note that consumer behaviour is a study of the processes the consumer uses to make purchase decisions as well as the use and disposal of the purchased goods and services. It also includes the analysis of factors that influences purchase decisions and goods usage. Further more consumer behaviour is a process and purchase is only one step in that process. Santon,Etzel and Walker (1994) states that consumers are complex in nature and keep changing constantly. So it is a must for the marketers to constantly improve their understanding of consumers and understand what influences the needs of the consumers. In short, the understanding of the buying behavior of existing and potential customers is imperative for marketers (Lancaster 1998). It is also needed for the competitive survival. When the consumer is viewed in the proper perspective, the outcomes could be quite positive for the manufacturer. Lamb,Hair and McDaniel (1992),claim that the knowledge of consumer behavior reduces uncertainty when creating the marketing mix. The field of customer behavior covers a lot of ground: It is the study of the processes involved when individuals or groups select, purchase, use, or dispose of products, services, ideas, or experiences to satisfy needs and desires (Michael, 2003). Earlier, the field was referred to as buyer behavior, which emphasized o n interaction between consumers and producers at the time of purchase. Now marketers feel that consumer behavior is not merely a consumer handing over money in return for a service or good, but it is an ongoing process. The exchange of a transaction in which two or more organizations or people give and receive something of value is an integral part of marketing. 2.7 Consumer Decision Making Mahatoo (1985) defines Consumer Behavior decision making process consisting of a number of steps that begin before the purchase and reaches beyond the buying act. He suggests that marketers have to go beyond the various influences on buyers and develop an understanding of how consumers actually make their buying decisions .The ability to create a good service and to persuade the market to buy this offering instead of its competitors offering depends upon the insight into the consumer purchase decision on the understanding of how the target customers arrive at their purchase decisions. Price is one of the dominating factors when it comes to making a purchase decision. It generally plays a vital role in determining consumers brand choice while selecting a product. Consumers look into the price while taking a buying decision and check whether it is within their affordable limits. This helps them to maximize their immediate utility that they gain from the purchase. The consumers give relative importance to both price and quality, so while choosing a brand they make a choice consistent with the relative importance attached to both attributes (Nor Khasimah Alimana and Md Nor Othman, 2007). It is also known that consumers look upon the additional services and freebies which come along with the product rather than looking on the price factor. Customers were believed to put different weights on every factor when it comes to the evaluation process. Analysis shows that customers who had experienced bad customer service tend to consider more thoroughly all aspects of the serv ice when it comes to choice of product (Tor W. Andreassen and Line L. Olsen, 2008). According to Kotler (2003), there are five roles people play during a purchase. They are Initiator: It is the person who gives the idea of buying the product or service. Influencer: It is the person who reviews or influences the decision. Decider: It is the person who makes the buying decision: what to buy, how to buy, when to buy and where to buy. Buyer: It is the person who actually makes the purchase. User: It is the person who consumes or uses the product or service. 2.8 Buying Behavior Buying behavior is a process in which consumers decide and act accordingly to buy certain products for their use. There are certain aspects which we need to understand. Why do consumers buy what they buy? What are the key factors for influencing consumers to buy the products? What are the changing trends in the society? Consumer buying behavior refers to what consumers buy at a certain point of time which involves their decision making. So it is important for any firm to keenly analyze on consumer buying behaviors as it has a great impact on the firms marketing strategy. It also plays a key role in the success of the firm. It is important for any firm to create a marketing mix that satisfies the customers. 2.9 Types of Consumer Buying Behavior There are few types of buying behaviors based on the type of products which needs to be purchased. Complex buying behavior is where an individual seeks lot of information about a high value branded product before purchasing it. Habitual buying behavior is where the individual buys the product out of habit. Variety seeking buying behavior is where the individual likes to shop around and experiment different products. Consumer buying behavior is determined by level of involvement in the purchase decision (Renjith, June 2004). According to Mahatoo (1985), the nature of the decision process varies depending upon the product and the consumer. The marketers need to determine the kind of decision making behavior that is involved with the particular product in order to understand the behavior of the consumer. Howard (1989) classifies consumer buying decision into three broad categories: Routine Response Programmed Behavior- A consumer generally uses a routine response behavior while frequently buying the low cost goods or services. These goods and services can be called low involvement products as the consumer spends little time on decision making and purchases easily. The consumer is familiar with different brands in this product category, but usually sticks on to one brand. The consumer usually skips many steps in the decision process as he buys the product out of habit. Limited Decision Making Buying product occasionally. When you need to obtain information about an unfamiliar brand in a product category. Requires a moderate amount of time for information gathering as it is compared with various brands. Acquiring information about an unfamiliar product category is called as limited decision making. Examples: books, clothes and cosmetics. Extensive Decision Making Consumers usually spend much time on extensive decision making with high involvement when they purchase an unfamiliar expensive product. This is the most complex type of consumer decision making as the consumers need a great deal of information to compare it with its alternate brands. Examples: cars, computers. Complex buying behavior involves three steps: The consumer develops belief about the product. The consumer develops attitude about the product. The consumer makes a thoughtful choice. Consumers usually engage in complex buying behavior when they are highly involved in a purchase, which usually happens when the product is expensive, risky, and highly self expressive. Many products do not carry features unless the buyer does some research. The marketer of a high involvement product must understand consumers information- gathering and evaluation process. According to this the marketer needs to develop strategies which will assess the buyer in learning about the products attributes and their importance. The marketer also needs to differentiate the brand features, motivate store keepers, and use proper print media to describe the brand and the buyers interaction to influence the brand choice. Dissonance-Reducing buyer behaviour According to Herbert (1965), the consumer sometimes gets highly involved in a purchase but see little differences in brands. The high involvement is due to the fact that the purchase is expensive, infrequent and risky. For this type of purchase the consumer will shop around to learn more about the product but purchase it quickly responding to the primary factors like price or convenience. After the purchase, the consumer might experience dissonance by hearing favourable things about other brands or noticing certain disquieting features. Now the consumer will alert the informants who support his or her decisions. For example, here, the consumer acted first then acquired new beliefs and ended up with a set of attitudes. Marketing communication should supply beliefs and evaluations that help the customer feel good about the brand of his choice. Variety-Seeking Buying Behaviour Henry (1987) states that some buying situations are characterised by low involvement but significant brand differences. Usually consumers do lot of brand switching. Take for example, cookies. The consumer has some knowledge about cookies, chooses them without much evaluation and evaluates the product during consumption. But next time the consumer may reach for another brand according to his taste. Brand switching occurs for the sake of variety rather than dissatisfaction. 3.10 Buying Decision Process The consumers engage in a decision process to deal with the marketing environment and make purchases. The consumer goes through a series of logical stages to arrive at the decision when he faces a problem which could be resolved through a purchase. A typical buying process consists of five stages. (Micheal and Elnora, 2000). 2.10.1 Problem Recognition The purchase process starts where the buyer recognises a problem or need. The need maybe triggered by internal or external stimuli. Marketers need to identify the circumstances that trigger a particular need (Micheal, 2003). People have unsatisfied needs and wants that create tension or discomfort, which can be satisfied by acquiring and consuming goods and services. Hence, the process of deciding what to buy begins when there is a need and it can be satisfied through consumption. Mahatoo (1985), states that when the consumer becomes aware of a discrepancy between the existing state and a desired state, a need is aroused. The existing state is the total situation of a consumer, the current needs, attitudes, motives. The desired state is the situation after the kinds of changes the consumer wishes. Both these states are the functions of consumers motivation, personality and past experience of cultural and social influences. Evans and Burman (1984), defines a stimulus as a cure intended to motivate a person to act. It can be social, commercial or non commercial. Need recognition shows a persons readiness to act by becoming aware of a need but does not guarantee that the decision making process will continue. Kotler (2003), suggests that by gathering information from a number of consumers marketers can identify the most frequent stimuli that triggers an interest in a product category, thereby developing marketing strategies that would create a spark in consumers interest. 2.10.2 Information Search When a consumer needs to gain knowledge about a product or service, he or she would be aroused to search for more information in the product category. Consumer information sources fall under four groups: Personal sources: Family, friends, neighbours Commercial sources: Advertising, sales person, dealers, display boards Public sources: Mass media, consumer-rating organizations Experimental sources: Handling, examining, using the product. The relative amount and influences of these information sources vary with product category and consumer characteristics (Peter, Daniel and Nancy, 1986). Customer decisions are based on a combination of past experiences and marketing information. Past experience is considered as an internal source of information. Greater the past experience, lesser the external information the consumer is likely to seek to make a decision. Baker (2000), states that if there is a sufficiently high level of involvement with the problem, the consumers are likely to engage in a complex and extensive information search. If the involvement level is low, they are likely to use a very simple information search. Kotler (2003), states that by gathering information the consumer learns about competing brands and their features. There will be lot of brands available to the consumer in a product category, in which only a few brands the consumer would be aware of (awareness set). Among these brands, few brands will meet consumers initial buying criteria (consideration set). As the consumer gathers more information only a few brands would remain (choice set). All the brands in the choice set might be acceptable. 2.10.3 Evaluation of Alternatives There is no single evaluation process used by all customers or by one customer in all buying situations. The consumers view each product as a bundle of attributes with varying abilities of delivering the benefits needed to satisfy them. The attributes of interest to buyers vary by product. Consumers will pay most attention to attributes that deliver benefits (Mary, James and John, 1997). Once a choice set has been identified, the consumer evaluates them before making a decision. The evaluation involves establishing some criteria against which each alternative is compared. The criteria that consumers use in the evaluation results from their past experience and feelings towards various brands as well as the opinions of family, friends, etc. (Stanton, Etzel and Walker, 1994). The product related attributes such as quality, durability, price, design, etc. Influence the buying decision of a consumer. A way to narrow down the products in the choice set is to pick an attribute and then excl ude all products in the set that does not possess that attribute (Lamb and McDaniel, 1992). Thus the choice which possesses all the required product related attributes can be selected. 2.10.4 Purchase Decision From the evaluation process discussed about, consumer will reach their final purchase decision which is made up of five purchase sub decisions: Brand decision, Vendor decision, Quantity decision, Timing decision and Payment method decision (Joseph and Howard, 1987). After evaluation, the first thing in mind would be to purchase the product or not. If the decision is to buy, a series of related decisions must be made regarding the features, where and when to make the actual transaction, how to take delivery, a mode of payment and other issues. So a decision to purchase starts an entirely new series of decisions that may be time consuming and difficult. Selecting a source from which a purchase can be made is also a buying decision (Stanton, Etzel and Walker, 1994). A consumers decision to modify, postpone or avoid a purchase decision is heavily influenced by risk. The amount of risk varies with the extent of money at stake, the amount of attribute uncertainty and amount of self confide nce. Marketers must understand the factors that create a feeling of risk in the consumer, thereby providing information and support to reduce the risk (Kotler, 2003). 2.10.5 Post Purchase Behaviour Every customer after buying a product will experience either satisfaction or dissatisfaction. Hence the marketers job does not end when the product is bought; it must be monitored for post purchase satisfaction and post purchase actions. A very important stage of the consumers decision is the impact of current decisions on the future purchasing behaviour. Mahatoo (1985) says that three general outcomes are possible. They are: 2.10.5.1 Satisfaction Satisfaction occurs when a product performs according to expectations. The brand chosen has served to fulfil the customers needs and thus reinforces the response of purchasing the brand, which also means that beliefs and attributes about the brand are positively influenced and the likelihood of repurchase is increased. 2.10.5.2 Dissatisfaction Dissatisfaction occurs in the reverse situation, when the products performance is not up to the expectation it leads to negative belief and attributes about the brand. A dissatisfied customer is not likely to recommend the product to others. The results of satisfaction and dissatisfaction are recorded in long term memory and become inputs to the internal search of the firm. So the marketers must be careful in satisfying the needs and expectations of the customers. 2.10.5.3 Cognitive Dissonance: Cognitive dissonance occurs when the consumer experiences a feeling of doubt or psychological discomfort about the choice made. It is often felt right after the purchase when the consumer begins to have second thoughts about the product chosen. Dissonance is more likely to occur in complex decision making with high involvement purchases. Dissonance can come from a personal source from advertisement or from experience with the product. Post purchase evaluation is important to marketers because positive evaluation increases the probability of repeat purchases and brand loyalty. Negative or doubtful thoughts increase the probability that different alternatives will be considered next time when the need arises (Husted, Varble and Lowry, 1989). 2.11 Factors influencing the behaviour of buyers http://www.ac.wwu.edu/~market/380dir/cbinfluence.jpg Source: (http://blog.oneshotmarketing.com/2010/08/consumer-buying-behavior-the-laws-of-attraction/ accessed on 20/10/10 at 9.15pm) Consumer behaviour is affected by many uncontrollable factors. Culture is one of the factors that influence behaviour. Culture can be defined as our attitudes and beliefs. It is developed along with age in the society. For an individual growing up, a child is influenced by their parents, brothers and sisters. They learn about their religion and culture which helps them to develop opinions, attitudes and beliefs (Richard, 1976). These factors will influence a buying behaviour of the consumer, other factors like friends or people they look up may also influence their choices of purchasing a particular product. Culture is the most basic cause of a persons wants and behaviour. Culture is learned from family, church, school, peers, colleagues. It reflects basic values, perceptions, wants, and behaviours. Cultural shifts create opportunities for new products or may otherwise influence consumer behaviour. Peoples social status plays an important role in the consumer buying behaviour. Social class distinctions allow companies to position their products to appeal to certain social classes. The easiest example is automobiles. Marketing for Mercedes Benz is completely different from the marketing campaign from Honda or Toyota because they target individuals from the upper class. Another powerful and easy factor that companies manipulate in their marketing efforts is the social factor. To be part of a group, or represent a certain lifestyle, you must have certain possessions. Personal and Psychological factors are very specific realms and the target market segment becomes even smaller. That means even less amount of people can use these products. This reflects in higher prices to account for the decrease in volume 2.12 Models of Consumer Behaviour The various models of consumer behaviour as per (Ramasamy and Namakumari, 1990) are stated as follows 2.12.1 The Economic Model According to the economic model of buyer behaviour, the buyer is a rational man and his buying decisions are totally governed by the concept of utility. If the customer has certain amount of purchasing power, a set of needs to be met and a set of products in a very rational manner with the intentions of maximising the utility or benefits. 2.12.2 The Learning Model According to the learning model, buying behaviour can be influenced by manipulating the drivers, stimuli and responses of the buyers. The model rests on mans ability at learning, forgetting and discriminating. 2.12.3 The Psychoanalytical Model According to this model the individual consumer has a complex set of deep stated motives that drive him towards certain buying decisions. The buyer has a private world with all his hidden fears, suppressed desires and totally subjective longings. His buying action can be influenced by appealing to these desires and longings. 2.12.4 The Sociological Model According to the sociological model, the individual buyer is influenced by society, by inmate groups as well as social classes. His buying decisions are not totally governed by utility, he has a desire to emulate, follow, and fit in with his immediate environment. Several of his buying decisions may be governed by societal compulsions. 2.12.5 The Nicosia Model Efforts have been made by marketing scholars to build buyer behaviour models from the marketing mans point of view. The Nicosia model and the Howard and Sheth model are two important models. Both of them belong to the category called the systems model where the human being is analysed as the system with stimuli as the input to the system and behaviour as the output of the system. The Nicosia model tries to establish the link between a firm and its customers, how the activities of the firm influences the consumer and results in the buying decision. The information from the firm influences the consumer towards the product, thereby he develops a certain attitude towards the product causing him to search or

The Creation of the Berlin Wall Essays -- Berlin Wall European History

The Creation of the Berlin Wall The end of World War II triggered the start of the Cold War. The victors of WWII, The United States, Great Britain, France and the Soviet Union divided Germany and Berlin into four. The United States, Great Britain, and France were all capitalist and democratic, and the Soviet Union was communist. The United States, Great Britain, and France all were part of the same â€Å"team.† The Soviet Union, however, wanted nothing to do with the others, so they decided to build a wall around their sector to keep the others out and their people in. (Divided In Unity 87). The Berlin Wall went up in the middle of the night, 2 a.m. on August 13, 1961. It was, at first a low barbed wire fence, and then workers used cement to construct a permanent structure that was 96 feet long, and about 12 feet high. (Kelly 1). Travel between east and west was nearly impossible due to the restrictions. There were 14,000 guards, 600 dogs, and approximately 302 watchtowers were placed to make sure that no one from the East escaped to the West. (The Wall). The Soviet Union had complete control over what went on in the Eastern sector. They had taken control of the only radio tower, and they decided what was broadcasted over it. It was a crime to listen to broadcasts from the West. (Kelly 2). And the newspapers that were produced in the East, the government had complete control over what was published in them: â€Å"Newspapers are the written voice of the state. Reporters do not launch independent investigation or expose government corruption. Journalists are more like secretaries, reporting what they are told, and nothing more.† (Kelly 4). People that were prisoners in the East yearned for the freedom that people had in the West. About 10,000 people tried escaping, around 5,000 made it, roughly 3,200 were jailed, and approximately 200 were killed and 200 injured from shootings at the Wall. One man, Peter Fechter who was an 18-year-old bricklayer, was shot while he was trying to escape, the guards wouldn’t let anyone help him, so he bleed to death. (Kelly 2). He ended up becoming a symbol of everyone killed at the Wall. People risked everything to get to the West, escaping over, through, and under the Berlin Wall. There were some pretty amazing ways that people found to escape. Kelly at The Freedom Forum, writes that, the Wetzel’s and St... ... was a huge separation. Not only between parts of the city and the government, but between families and what they believed in. People’s rights in the East were stripped from them. The government was the supreme voice of the city. People’s yearn to be free led them to do all sorts of ingenious, courageous, and deadly acts. The cost of their life outweighed the benefit of freedom. Works Cited â€Å"Escape Stories.† Associated Press. New York, N.Y.  © 2000 â€Å"Escaping Under the Berlin Wall.† Newsweek. March 8, 1999: 54. Online InfoTrac Web: General Reference Center Gold. Accessed: February 2002 Glaeser, Andreas. Divided in Unity. Chicago: University of Chicago Press,  © 2000. Kelly, Susan Brooks. â€Å"Two Sides, One Story.† The Freedom Forum. Arlington, VA. 1999. 8-85 Phillips, Martin. â€Å"Berlin Escape Ordeal 10 years Ago Today†¦The Wall Came Down.† The Sun. London, England. Nov 9, 1999. Online: News Group Newspapers Ltd. 6 Olsen, A J. â€Å"Breaching ‘The Wall’: The Odds Grow.† The New York Times. New York, N.Y. August 9, 1964. 11+ Colin, Armand. URL: â€Å"A Concrete Curtain: The Life and Death of The Berlin Wall† creation: September 20, 1999. URL: www.wall-berlin.org/ Accessed: January 2002.

Face-to-Face Communication Essay

Topic 3: Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Face-to-face communication is better than other types of communication, such as letters, email, or telephone calls. Use specific reasons and details to support your answer. Different forms of communication have been developed nowadays and they make it really easy for people to contact with each other. We have become familiar with popular types of communication such as letters, email, telephone calls or chatting on the internet. However some people say that face-to-face talk is better than other means of communication. In my opinion, I disagree with this opinion. Due to the limit of distance, face-to-face communication shows its disadvantages in a lot of situations. We cannot meet and have a chat if we are far away from each other like in different countries or different areas. It is very disturbing when we need to speak out something immediately or we are in an urgent situation. Face-to-face talk really takes much time and money if people are not close enough. Moreover, in the fast pace of life, everyone is very busy with their own work. They have to deal with piles of work and contact with several dozen people. Therefore, it is difficult for them to always sit down in a nice place and talk to each other because it limits their level of work productivity. Apart from distance and time, other types of communication outweigh face-to-face talk in terms of convenience and secrecy. You can email to a lot of people in different countries with only one click. You want to share your happiness with your friends and relatives, just pick up your phone and call them without going around to make an announcement. When you fall in love and find it difficult to express your passion directly, then a love letter to that person will be a right choice. With the comfort of using the internet, we easily make friends without being worried about our appearances. Regardless of the fact that we are fat or thin, pretty or ugly, neat or slovenly, we still have great talks because no one sees us right then. In conclusion, face-to-face is just one form of communication among others. Each of those has its own advantages and disadvantages and it is difficult to say which one is better. People should be flexible in using means of communication to make our relationships more interesting.

Compare and Contrast Essay on a Human Essays

Compare and Contrast Essay on a Human Essays Compare and Contrast Essay on a Human Essay Compare and Contrast Essay on a Human Essay Many have heard the saying, Nobodys perfect and truth is no one is. Everyone has something they want to change or improve about themselves. Society plays a big role in encouraging people to look a specific way, a way that is described as its version of perfect. A way that helps portray this vision of what people should look like is through advertisement. Ads are what grasps the attention of society and fghts to pull them into contributing, buying, etc. heir products and/or ideas. Ads have been round for centuries are continued until this day. Advertisements are a way of manipulating a person to think what the advertisement thinks. Ads have become nothing more than ordinary in our time. The purpose of this essay will be to compare and contrast three different advertisements by their elements. The three advertisements will be Weight Watchers, Proactive, and Victoria Secret. Everyone is born different and there is nothing that ca be done to prevent that. As we grow older we began to develop our own physical appearance and as many know, ot all are satisfied with end results. This touches the element of biology. Advertisements such as Weight Watchers and Proactive are set out to help those who feel in they are in desperate need. Both Weight watchers and Proactive bring in audience by sharing interviews that are called, Success Stories. These stories are told by everyday ordinary people on how the product was such a success for them. The stories are followed by before and after pictures of the person and how happy they are now. These two ads fall under the biology element because the product of the advertisement is meant to fix what your body is not doing naturally such as losing weight and getting rid of acne. Another element used by these two ads is celebrity gain. They are able to get celebrities to use their products and speak about the wonders its for them, which gives even more motivation for consumers to buy the product. Differences are Just as evident as similarities in the case of Weight Watchers and Victoria Secret. Though they both deal with the visual aspect of the human body, Weight Watchers deals with working on the body to make it look better and more appealing as where Victoria Secret uses advertisement to sell product that will make someone appear more seductive by wearing their products. The Weight watchers idea is to put more concern against a consumers health than their actual physical appearance and makes thin look as if it were an added bonus. By this I follow into an element between the two ads which is society pressure. Since beginning of time ppearance has been Judge quiet harshly by societies. People look for approval of others instead of themselves and when they do not seek approval they are Judged for having their own opinion towards themselves. These ads give consumers motivation to look and dress the way society wants them to. Weight watchers motivates by showing ordinary women happier than they have ever been exposing their body. Where Victoria Secret uses models who already tall and thin to sell proactive clothing and undergarments to women who have THAT body to show it off. By watching or nearlng aoout tnese ads It causes people to unaer pressure tnat tnat Is now tney should look. That if they look like suburban mom or high fashion model they will be approved and accepted by those around them. Advertisements try to bring out different emotions and feelings in their viewers. The advertisements mentioned in this essay appeal to different senses of the consumers yet do have a focus on one set target. Weight watchers focuses specifically on weight loss and healthy nutrition, Proactive works on clearing skin rom acne, and Victoria Secret sells merchandise that makes one more attractive. All three advertisements that have been mentioned use women to appeal to the audience. Though men are seen and mentioned in success with Weight Watchers and Proactive in all reality what the ads really try to hit are women. Women are way more vulnerable to purchasing products and merchandise because it is a natural instinct for them to care what others think of them. All three advertisements mention how they can make one appear more beautiful than how they already look. Women become easily fooled through manipulation. These ads speak through commercials, magazines, pictures, etc. we become so immune to their presence it soon becomes molded to the mind which more than likely lures consumers to hop on their wagon. This falls into the element of Psychology. Though not used the same way as before media does have quiet a history with manipulation. It is not noticeable sometimes not even used in ads but with being brought up time on from time on ads sink into brain into making the viewer want to go out and purchase their products/ merchandise.

10 Tips for Success with Outbound Marketing on LinkedIn

10 Tips for Success with Outbound Marketing on LinkedIn Outbound Marketing on LinkedIn – Tips from Dafna Rolls Ish of D|Rolls Associates Last week, you may have read about my adventures in Israel without a tour bus. One of the events I highlighted was my presentation to a standing-room-only audience at Google Campus Tel Aviv. The event included an enlightening talk by Dafna Rolls Ish-Shalom, CEO at D|Rolls Associates, about how to conduct outbound marketing on LinkedIn. What is Outbound Marketing? Outbound marketing on LinkedIn differs from inbound marketing. Inbound includes â€Å"making noise in a good way,† like publishing articles and participating actively in groups. In contrast, outbound marketing on LinkedIn entails understanding your target market and what types of people or companies you want to approach, and then creating a campaign to reach them. Dafna focused on B2B strategies, but many of her tips apply to job seekers as well. Regardless of your business or career situation, LinkedIn is an extremely strong tool for creating an initial connection – and you can use it to forge ongoing connections as well. As Dafna pointed out, while not everyone will connect, and not everyone who does will continue the conversation, either way you’re creating awareness. You’re starting a conversation- and that has value. Dafna’s Top Tips on How to Succeed with Your Outbound Marketing on LinkedIn Identify and research your target market. Who are they? If they are investors, what type of investor? If they are CTOs, what type of companies do they work for? Once you know who they are, find out what projects they’ve been involved with in the past. Read their profiles and find out who you know in common, including any mutual connections you have at their company. Personalize and customize your connection requests. Tips on how to do that are in my book, How to Write a KILLER LinkedIn Profile. How you approach a person depends on the audience. You’d write a different message to a client than you would to a potential investor or partner. With anyone, the initial contact should be short and sweet. Don’t overwhelm with detail. Provide additional information as the relationship develops.For your first message, you might say something like, â€Å"I see you are involved with XYZ company. I’d like to speak with you about x venture.† Perhaps mention a common connection or an article the person published. Show the person you know who they are and that you care. If they respond, don’t leave them hanging. Keep the conversation going. Even a day’s delay can lose the connection. Practice! Start your campaign with your B-level list first, and use the response you receive to understand the mind of the decision-makers who are your target. Don’t make beginners’ mistakes with your A-list! Use a CRM (Dafna recommended Hubspot). Track which campaigns are effective and which audiences respond best to your message. And to state the obvious, create and maintain a database and ensure it’s accurate and up-to-date. You’re only as good as your leads. Connect with your colleagues throughout your career. You never know when you will benefit from those connections! Also don’t be shy about asking for and providing introductions – and recommendations. Move the conversation from LinkedIn to the phone or even a video call. Whenever you talk to someone in a business context, call from a quiet place – professionalism is more important than calling back fast when there is noise around (this one I learned the hard way). Always smile – it changes the tone of your voice. And be prepared for small talk. Check the weather, sports, events wherever your client is. Those details truly make a difference. Look professional. If you’re calling from home in your pajamas, put on a scarf so no one knows you just got out of bed! My favorite trick is putting on a suit jacket over my yoga clothes. Be on the lookout for how you can meet someone’s needs. Even if someone calls to sell you something, you never know when you might turn that into business for you! Use trade shows and conferences as an opportunity to connect with your LinkedIn network. If you’re attending something, post on LinkedIn saying â€Å"I’ll be in Paris for the xx event, and would like to meet xx people†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å" Also join any specific LinkedIn groups that might exist for the trade show or conference. Optimize your profile and your company page. Your leads will check them! How to Write a KILLER LinkedIn Profile will teach you how to do that. Remember that optimizing your LinkedIn profile requires ongoing activity – publishing articles, posting to groups, and sharing updates and photos about your professional activities. Use hashtags to tag people and companies in images so that they are more likely to read your posts. And if you have a company page, use it! Share recommendations you receive from clients, as well as posting open positions in your company. While all of this might seem overwhelming, it’s essential that you set aside time every day to check your profile and work on lead generation. If that is not possible, don’t hesitate to use an experienced ghost writer who will do this for you with approved scripts and target lists. D|Rolls, based in Israel, has proven these strategies work. She has gotten meetings for top US food retailers for an Israeli company, set up meetings for CEOs during their travels, and landed qualified meetings with VCs in New York City for an investment round – all by starting a conversation on LinkedIn. What are your goals for outbound marketing on LinkedIn? If you’re looking for support on meeting them, please reach out!